Bob Altemeyer — The Authoritarian Specter

819 published claims from this book.

• 1993 religious-conservative political mobilization targeted feminists and liberal social policy
• A 1973 pamphlet denies Auschwitz gassings while claiming fear of prosecution
• A 26 percent authoritarian core is only a short step from electoral majority
• A balanced form of the Dogmatism Scale has never been developed
• A chance jury observation launched a formal test of authoritarian cognition
• A construct’s conceptual opposite is rarely singular and depends on measurement.
• A content-neutral dogmatism scale predicts religious behaviors better than Rokeach’s
• A denialist pamphlet sharply reduced students’ Holocaust-belief scores.
• A direct confession of atrocity is less credible than a denial
• A fabricated anti-Semitic quote entered the Congressional Record and circulated for decades
• A famously flawed scale stayed popular because it conveniently correlated with things
• A fascist dictatorship is not imminent but the threat to democracy is growing
• A fifteen-minute Holocaust-denial pamphlet measurably weakened students’ belief that the Holocaust occurred.
• A flawed psychological test can stay popular if it correlates with interesting variables.
• A matched-pair experimental design can isolate moral principles from ingroup bias.
• A scandal breaking mid-survey created a natural experiment testing media priming
• A shared psychological trait connects RWA Scale items despite diverse content
• A single authoritarian personality drives disparate news events across eras.
• A single authoritarian personality type links disparate political violence events
• A single hostile magazine article can erase nascent support for a group
• A single personality construct explains diverse attitudes across the globe
• A single-page study with no reliability data was treated as validating the D Scale.
• A small research literature can be an advantage for a psychological measure
• A social-psychology intervention effect faded across replications to nothing
• A subject’s suspicion of suppression proved Christophersen’s pamphlet resistant to editing
• A test built to correlate with prejudice will correlate more than an unfiltered one.
• A valid construct measure must balance breadth with unidimensionality
• About a fifth of male students pursued sex despite refusal
• About one in five college men pursued sex after explicit refusal
• Acquiescence bias, not true authoritarianism, may bind together authoritarianism and ethnocentrism scales
• Acquiescence can accidentally mask the damage done by direction-of-wording contamination
• Acquiescence skews balanced-scale answers toward agreement, not genuine endorsement
• Actual legislators show extreme partisan differences in authoritarianism levels
• Adolescent conflict with authority reduces later authoritarianism
• Adoptive parents transmit authoritarian attitudes as strongly as biological parents do
• Adult authoritarianism is set during adolescence by specific experiences
• Adult authoritarianism shifts with education, parenthood, and era
• Adult personality and authoritarianism remain changeable long past childhood
• Adult personality remains plastic well past age six, at least until age thirty-six
• Adult social attitudes remain changeable through new learning and experiences
• Adults show a stronger authoritarianism-ethnocentrism correlation than students
• Adversaries in the Cold War held mirror-image perceptions of each other
• Advocates of school prayer contradict the very biblical passage they cite.
• After receiving good or bad personality test feedback, subjects’ evidence-seeking can be measured covertly.
• Age of first intercourse fell steadily through the 1990s
• Aggression spans physical, psychological, financial, and social harm
• Agreement on one attitude scale does not prove a shared unconscious cause
• Allport predicted religious extremism is ancillary to a prejudiced worldview rather than its cause
• Allport shifted his definition of religious intrinsicness across eleven variants
• Allport’s influential intrinsic-prejudice study used an unpublished questionnaire
• Allport’s Intrinsic religious orientation scale drifted far from his own 1966 construct definition.
• Allport’s Intrinsic Religious Orientation Scale failed to measure its own stated construct
• American Republican legislators show measurably higher ethnocentrism than Democratic legislators
• American state legislators are far more ethnocentric than Canadian MPs
• American undergraduates applied blatant double standards favoring their own nation’s aggressive actions
• Among college virgins, religious conviction drives only a minority of abstention.
• An individual psychology of open-minded questioning exists within religious commitment
• An underlying authoritarian personality can attach to either political extreme depending on power.
• Anecdotal twin coincidences can be misleading without proper statistics
• Anti-abortion activists supported the murder of an abortion doctor
• Apparent left-wing authoritarians were actually high-RWA wild cards who drifted into radical movements
• Attitude change can be tested with pre-post experimental designs.
• Attitude changes in experiments are genuine, not mere compliance
• Attitudes toward homosexuals correlate strongly with right-wing authoritarianism across different regions
• Auschwitz commandant Hoess confessed to Nazi extermination orders without remorse
• Auschwitz death estimates ranged from one million to two and a half million
• Authoritarian aggression requires separate explanation beyond submission and conventionalism
• Authoritarian aggression targets anyone threatening authority, not only norm violators
• Authoritarian aggression targets the defenseless and avoids fair fights
• Authoritarian aggression typically targets the helpless and is legitimized by higher authority
• Authoritarian and non-authoritarian groups differ in degree, not kind, of traits.
• Authoritarian and nonauthoritarian students differ in sexual behavior
• Authoritarian attitudes correlate strongly with reported authoritarian experiences across sites
• Authoritarian Christians believe every orthodox Christian doctrine more than nonauthoritarians do
• Authoritarian Christians endorse every orthodox Creed teaching more than others do
• Authoritarian conventionalism prescribes how people should act, ignoring actual conduct
• Authoritarian conventionalism tracks authority-endorsed norms, not middle-class values specifically
• Authoritarian development requires unusual clusters of converging childhood experiences
• Authoritarian dictatorship is not imminent but the threat is growing
• Authoritarian dispositions can attach to whichever authority happens to be in power
• Authoritarian elites enrich themselves at the cost of millions of their own citizens’ lives.
• Authoritarian followers are ordinary people, not just neo-Nazis
• Authoritarian ideology arises spontaneously more than economic doctrine taught in schools does
• Authoritarian lawmakers accept and defend extreme wealth inequality
• Authoritarian lawmakers openly want the rich to stay rich and oppose equality.
• Authoritarian lawmakers would dismantle rights even without crisis or war
• Authoritarian leaders destroyed the world in global simulation games
• Authoritarian legislators disproportionately decline to participate in political surveys
• Authoritarian legislators favor giving judges wider capital punishment options
• Authoritarian loyalty follows whoever was taught as legitimate authority in childhood
• Authoritarian loyalty tracks whichever government one grew up under
• Authoritarian mass attitudes can elect dictators or embolden illegal power grabs.
• Authoritarian punitiveness targets low-status offenders and spares authority figures.
• Authoritarian research experimentally distinguishes sincere belief from pandering to the majority
• Authoritarian research samples barely represent most of the world’s religious believers
• Authoritarian stampedes are latent but have been checked by cooler heads historically
• Authoritarian submission and conventionalism pair obviously, but aggression-on-behalf-of-authority needs separate explanation.
• Authoritarian submission comprises willing, uninduceable compliance with authorities
• Authoritarian submission means general uncritical acceptance of established authorities.
• Authoritarian thinking is compartmentalized and lacks perspective-taking that underpins fairness.
• Authoritarian traits meaningfully shape behavior despite situational influences
• Authoritarian voters tolerate in-party political intimidation while condemning identical out-party acts.
• Authoritarian-style certitude resists even direct counterevidence
• Authoritarianism and partisan affiliation correlate at one of the highest levels ever measured
• Authoritarianism and traditional religiosity reinforce each other bidirectionally
• Authoritarianism can be studied as a content-free property of belief systems
• Authoritarianism can be traced to measurable environmental experiences
• Authoritarianism correlates with all six distinct components of conservatism
• Authoritarianism correlates with orthodox religious belief in every religion studied.
• Authoritarianism declines with age and even more with parenthood
• Authoritarianism does not correlate with academic grades or general intelligence
• Authoritarianism is defined by belief change on authority say-so alone
• Authoritarianism is more systematically organized in politicians than their formal economic ideologies.
• Authoritarianism links to right-wing politics across hostile national groups
• Authoritarianism mappings predicted actual party membership almost perfectly in Canada
• Authoritarianism measures correlate with punitive life experiences even across separate administrations
• Authoritarianism predicted hard-line Communist and nationalist support in post-Soviet Russia
• Authoritarianism predicts anti-gay hostility better than other personality variables
• Authoritarianism predicts enduring trust in corrupt leaders like Nixon
• Authoritarianism predicts hostile backlash against feminists.
• Authoritarianism predicts tolerance of government illegality against dissenters
• Authoritarianism remains changeable throughout life rather than fixed in youth
• Authoritarianism scales predict convention, religion, and right-wing politics
• Authoritarianism shows weak or absent links to intelligence measures
• Authoritarianism springs from a worldview that the social world is dangerous and threatening
• Authoritarianism strongly predicts endorsement of traditional sex roles.
• Authoritarianism test scores are only moderately stable across eighteen years
• Authoritarianism underlies a wide array of seemingly unrelated political attitudes
• Authoritarianism’s cross-cultural consistency remains unproven for most of the world.
• Authoritarians accept forced messages they agree with as sincere
• Authoritarians accept rumors and Big Lies regardless of their content
• Authoritarians accept weak coincidental evidence for claims they want to believe
• Authoritarians adhere to traditional religious teachings across all religions sampled.
• Authoritarians adopt their authorities’ enemies rather than reasoning independently.
• Authoritarians adopt whichever rights principle serves their side’s current advantage
• Authoritarians aggress mainly when authority sanctions their attacks.
• Authoritarians apply a biased standard for evidence that favors their beliefs
• Authoritarians apply a double standard favoring agreeable evidence when judging truth
• Authoritarians are credulous toward financially manipulative evangelists
• Authoritarians are distinctly willing to join state persecution of outgroups
• Authoritarians are less educated but education explains little of their behavior
• Authoritarians are more receptive to repealing the Bill of Rights
• Authoritarians are selectively not anti-introspective
• Authoritarians are somewhat more likely to yea-say on tests.
• Authoritarians blame the homeless and justify violence against abortion providers and environmentalists
• Authoritarians change norms via authorities, not via peer example.
• Authoritarians change their customs more slowly than nonauthoritarians and follow authorities, not peers.
• Authoritarians change their norms more with authority fiat than with peer behavior
• Authoritarians conceal prejudice both from others and from themselves.
• Authoritarians consistently favor laws restricting freedoms more than others do
• Authoritarians criticize their religious beliefs as capably as others when motivated
• Authoritarians differ from others only in degree of shared human weaknesses
• Authoritarians differ only in degree, not kind, from ordinary cognitive fallibility
• Authoritarians endorse contradictory principles and apply double standards without noticing
• Authoritarians even decline face-threatening prejudice feedback when offered anonymously
• Authoritarians fail at drawing correct inferences even with evidence in view
• Authoritarians fail to challenge their own contradictory reasoning
• Authoritarians favor harsh punishment and reject lenient penal reform.
• Authoritarians flee unpleasant self-relevant information that nonauthoritarians will confront
• Authoritarians fully accept communicator sincerity when the message suits them
• Authoritarians kept believing Nixon was innocent long after his pardon.
• Authoritarians lack practice in independent critical reasoning
• Authoritarians maintain beliefs by avoiding challenges and curating agreeable information sources.
• Authoritarians make far more attribution errors than non-authoritarians
• Authoritarians may seem average because their whole circle is authoritarian too
• Authoritarians no longer differ from nonauthoritarians in sexual behavior
• Authoritarians of opposing ideologies unite against democracy.
• Authoritarians on opposing sides are socialized to hate each other despite shared psychology
• Authoritarians oppose equality-increasing measures across every item tested
• Authoritarians over-attribute sincere belief to assigned viewpoints, especially viewpoints they agree with
• Authoritarians perceive the world as far more dangerous than others do
• Authoritarians punish criminals partly out of disgust and personal satisfaction
• Authoritarians punish lower-status offenders far more harshly than higher-status ones.
• Authoritarians reason in isolated compartments without perspective-taking
• Authoritarians reason with measurably lower cognitive complexity than others.
• Authoritarians regulate sexuality and even thought through religious sin
• Authoritarians retain moral self-superiority through compartmentalized double standards
• Authoritarians rigidly cling to outdated rules only when ego-involved
• Authoritarians see themselves as righteous enforcers allied with legitimate authority
• Authoritarians shifted from Communist to nationalist parties as their fortunes changed
• Authoritarians show elevated hostility toward women and acceptance of rape myths
• Authoritarians support eroding speech rights rather than abolishing them outright
• Authoritarians supported repealing the Bill of Rights when asked.
• Authoritarians suspend critical thinking specifically for claims tied to their religious beliefs
• Authoritarians tolerate governmental abuse and reject human rights protections
• Authoritarians who endorse nonjudgmental teachings still punish outgroups aggressively.
• Authoritarians will even help persecute people like themselves when told to do so
• Authoritarians would rather remain prejudiced than confront their own bias.
• Authoritarians’ ideological loyalties are arbitrary products of culture, not reason
• Authoritarians’ punitive-justice stance reverses when the criminal attacked a disliked group
• Authorities can redirect authoritarian aggression toward almost any target
• Authority figures can redirect authoritarian hostility against nearly anyone.
• Balanced scales make agreement rates independent of trait strength in the sample
• Balanced scales understate a test’s real internal consistency
• Being deceived by a psychological test can inoculate people against trusting test results.
• Belief in biological causes greatly reduces blame of homosexuals except among authoritarians
• Believing sexual orientation is innate sharply reduces moral blame of homosexuals
• Both major postwar authoritarian research programs collapsed by the 1990s
• Breyer urged reexamining the death penalty’s constitutionality itself
• Brief hostile articles can erase pre-existing support for feminism and marginalized groups
• Burning bodies created logistical and secrecy problems for Auschwitz
• Buttonholing students in hallways achieved a 90 percent survey completion rate
• By 1980 nearly half of incoming psychology students knew Milgram’s experiment
• Campus political correctors advocating censorship are likely Wild-Card Authoritarians, not leftists.
• Campus support for political correctness reflects authoritarian personality, not leftist ideology.
• Canada’s 1993 election was a partisan realignment toward regional and right parties
• Canada’s 1993 federal election collapsed the ruling Conservatives from 153 to 2 seats.
• Canadian Hindu and Muslim samples scored more authoritarian and prejudiced than Jewish participants
• Canadian left-wing politicians show no more authoritarianism than conservatives
• Canadian party candidates differ significantly in authoritarian orientation.
• Canadian politicians of all parties show no left-wing authoritarianism
• Canadian Reform Party supporters scored highest on authoritarian and dominance measures.
• Canadian students grew more authoritarian through the 1980s then eased in the 1990s
• Canadian students mistaken about the Hiroshima bombing matched their belief in the Holocaust
• Canadian students overwhelmingly believed the Holocaust occurred.
• Center governments adopt authoritarian youth policies borrowed from America
• Challenging a pivotal F Scale claim, authoritarianism does not reliably predict superstition
• Cherry-picking scale items can inflate apparent construct validity
• Children who learn that truth is personally discoverable become less authoritarian
• Church attendance, not mere membership, moderates the religion-prejudice link
• Church content, not attendance frequency, drives members’ prejudice levels.
• Church doctrine, not attendance frequency, shapes member prejudice
• Church members are consistently more prejudiced than nonmembers
• Claiming total self-honesty itself signals defensive self-deception
• Cognitive rigidity falls off only at the far-left extreme
• Coincidence can masquerade as causal proof when no baseline is considered
• Colleagues urged publishing hate-propaganda findings as truth over caution
• College education durably lowers authoritarianism for most students
• College men and women have starkly asymmetric sexual anxieties
• College students and parents show no measurable left-wing authoritarianism
• College students mostly use birth control while a small high-activity minority never does.
• College students show only mild general support for homosexual rights
• College women reported far more lifetime intercourse acts than college men.
• College women’s sexual partners typically fall outside the college sample
• Compartmentalized thinking leads authoritarians to apply inconsistent standards to similar acts
• Complex simulation games can realistically model interdependent global problems
• Concentrated psychological harm is hidden among evidently ordinary young women
• Conformity to peers, not personality, drives obedient cruelty.
• Confusing test items bias respondents toward agreement, not disagreement
• Conservatism has no shared definition even among experts
• Conservatism means contradictory things to different people
• Conservative legislators score higher on right-wing authoritarianism than liberals do
• Consistent longitudinal methods reveal genuine generational change in sexual behavior
• Constitutional free speech protections create an intractable dilemma over hate speech regulation
• Constructed dogmatism scales deliberately avoid targeting specific ideologies
• Contradictory thinking and self-serving bias are universal human traits
• Contrasting intrinsic against extrinsic prejudice does not prove intrinsic people are unprejudiced
• Control groups showed stable Holocaust beliefs over six weeks absent propaganda
• Control subjects re-answered the same booklet instead of reading denial material
• Controlled experimental designs can isolate authoritarian memory and reasoning deficits
• Cooperative global governance can sustain population growth
• Copying others’ opinions rather than criticizing them yields contradictory compartmentalized beliefs
• Correlated scales can reveal tautological overlap rather than real psychological connections.
• Correlations between unbalanced personality scales were inflated by shared acquiescence set
• Current white male privilege is the legacy debt that reverse discrimination claims wrongly redirect.
• Cynical politicians rationally target gullible high-RWA voters
• David Duke’s nomination exposed Republican tolerance for authoritarian extremism
• Decades of attempts to find a left-wing analogue to authoritarianism have come up empty
• Deceptive research can conceal participant sorting from subjects indefinitely
• Deliberately unfavorable research conditions increase the chance findings replicate.
• Democracies produce millions of authoritarians daily, enough to stage Nuremberg rallies
• Democratic public opinion climates enable totalitarian movements through electoral means
• Democratic state senators scored remarkably high on authoritarianism
• Denial memoirs present Auschwitz as a lightly guarded camp with free inmates
• Denial pamphlet shifted Holocaust belief independent of perceived endorsement
• Denial pamphlets erode general trust in survivors’ testimony, not just targeted facts.
• Denouncing biased material does not neutralize its persuasive effect
• Developing a left-wing authoritarianism scale requires blocking right-wing revolutionaries from scoring high
• Dictionary definitions treat dogmatism as asserting opinion as established fact
• Different RWA Scale versions correlate comparably despite psychometric differences
• Direct contact with outgroup members can override learned prejudices toward them
• Direct personal contact with gay people raises positive attitudes toward homosexuals generally
• Disclosing that a person is homosexual improves others’ attitudes toward homosexuals generally
• Dissociating freedom from equality requires a distinctive cognitive bias
• Distinct item content does not prove scales measure generalized authoritarianism.
• Dogmatism as a trait is domain-specific and situationally malleable
• Dogmatism captures closed-mindedness across both political extremes
• Dogmatism correlates with fundamentalism, zealotry, and authoritarianism without being tautological
• Dogmatism correlates with rightist authoritarianism even when group comparisons fail.
• Dogmatism is a personality trait, not total inflexibility across all opinions.
• Dogmatism is best defined as unchangeable, unjustified certainty
• Dogmatism is most harmful in domains people deem most important
• Dogmatism is most harmful where it attaches to an individual’s most central beliefs.
• Dogmatism is unjustified certainty, distinct from authoritarianism
• Dogmatism predicts resistance to counterevidence regardless of belief direction
• Dogmatism scale validity results did not replicate across samples and raters
• Dogmatism scales can be constructed from general statements about certainty
• Dogmatism’s link to aggression vanishes when right-wing authoritarianism is controlled
• Dominance and submission behaviors have long been known to be genetically influenced in animals
• Dominant authoritarians migrating through leftist movements skew revolutions toward dictatorship
• Early yea-saying errors on surveys stem partly from shallow processing.
• Easy divine forgiveness undermines moral improvement and enables aggressive impulses
• Economic exploitation drove the Auschwitz selection process
• Education correlates weakly with authoritarianism and does not confound its effects
• Eighty-seven percent of Canadians surrendered civil liberties on a knowingly false emergency pretext
• Elected conservative lawmakers score far higher on authoritarianism than liberals.
• Elected officials show stronger nationalist bias than university students
• Election winners closely resemble their party’s typical authoritarian profile.
• Electoral victory does not select for different authoritarianism within a party
• Empirical testing can resolve ideologically loaded psychological questions
• Empirically-selected dogmatism scale items fail to replicate across samples, performing at chance level
• Enjoyment of sex acts does not imply willingness to do them casually
• Even best-effort surveys cannot verify respondents’ truthfulness
• Even brief denial material measurably lowers belief in the Holocaust
• Even experts conflate authoritarianism with neo-Nazism
• Even low authoritarians share belief in pseudo-science and motivated reasoning
• Even on the left-wing authoritarian scale, right-wing authoritarians dominate the high-scorers.
• Evidence refutes dogmatism’s claim to be independent of political ideology
• Experimenter denunciation proves attitude shifts were genuine, not performative
• Explicit denunciation of propaganda fails to neutralize its effect
• Exposure to denial essays lowers Holocaust belief below factual accounts
• Exposure to sympathetic Holocaust portrayal does not protect viewers against later denial
• External threats raise authoritarianism most among moderates, not committed authoritarians
• Extra filler items disguised which bubble-sheet answers matched the earlier set
• Extreme authority-mindedness has reached the highest US democratic offices
• Extreme wording makes scale items more definite and less ambiguous
• Extremists reject current authorities they see as betraying higher ones
• Extremists remain authoritarian while rejecting normal authorities as betrayers of true ones
• Face-to-face exposure to anti-Semitic propaganda shifted the researcher’s own attitudes.
• Factor analysis results hinge on researchers’ many discretionary decisions.
• Factor analysis results hinge on the researcher’s subjective procedural choices
• Failed measurement instruments keep accumulating literature because researchers keep using them anyway
• Falsifiable beliefs defended against contradicting evidence define dogmatism in practice
• Fascism exploits natural human tendencies while democracy requires uphill virtues
• Fascism persists because it matches natural human tendencies that democracy must resist.
• Fascist sympathy in democracies is a willingness to see democracy destroyed
• Favorite sexual fantasies reveal that women want intimacy while men want sex acts
• Fear and self-righteousness together largely explain authoritarian aggression
• Fear learned in childhood drives authoritarian aggression
• Female university students now have about twice as much intercourse as males.
• Feminist attitude changes were measured against randomized control and experimental groups
• Fifty-plus pairs of identical twins were raised apart with no formative contact.
• Flawed prejudice scales continue accumulating supportive literature regardless.
• Four years of university lower authoritarianism scores across all majors
• Free speech must be actively deployed to counter hatemongers who would weaponize it.
• Fundamentalism is largely a religious manifestation of right-wing authoritarianism.
• Fundamentalism measures consistently across Hindu, Muslim, and Jewish samples
• Fundamentalism operates as religion expressed through authoritarian personality
• Game results about authoritarians’ world destruction parallel real history
• Gender differences in sexual enjoyment are small except for two specific acts
• Gender differences in sexual fantasy persist independently of authoritarianism
• General authoritarianism is a cognitive style, not a belief set
• Generations of white male advantage, not reverse discrimination, create today’s fairness debts
• Genetic evidence for authoritarianism is currently unconvincing
• Genetically identical twins show higher RWA correlation whether raised together or apart
• Genuine left-wing authoritarians may not exist as a measurable type.
• Getting caught with a double standard triggers intense defensiveness
• Governments that crush nonviolent protestors reduce public authoritarianism
• Group cohesiveness correlates weakly with ethnocentrism despite correlating with authoritarianism
• Group identification predicts negative attitudes toward outsiders
• Group-level authoritarian findings may not transfer to specific subgroups
• Group-membership usually guarantees repeated rather than one-off hate literature exposure
• Gruesome evidence can backfire because people avoid thinking about it
• Gruesome truths can backfire as persuasion because people avoid them
• Hate campaigners exploit free speech to restrict others’ speech
• Hate groups exploit defenders of free speech whom they would eliminate if empowered
• Hate literature propaganda shifts even low-right-wing university students’ attitudes.
• Hate literature’s effects persist even when its specific facts are forgotten
• Having children reverses the drop in authoritarianism caused by university education
• Hidden Observer prompts elicit admissions people consciously suppress
• High authoritarian punitiveness targets low-status offenders, not authority figures or in-group allies
• High authoritarianism blocks advancement among Democrats but not Republicans
• High authoritarians adopt principles opportunistically to justify self-interest
• High authoritarians are less likely to respond to surveys
• High authoritarians are more persuasible by Holocaust denial than lows
• High authoritarians avoid learning they are more prejudiced than most peers
• High authoritarians avoided responding, biasing party gaps downward
• High authoritarians become dogmatic because they never develop their own beliefs
• High authoritarians censor their prejudiced answers when not anonymous
• High authoritarians conceal more prejudice when their answers can be identified
• High authoritarians condemn others despite professing Jesus’ do-not-judge teaching, regardless of stated belief
• High authoritarians dominate rather than cooperate, bankrupting their world
• High authoritarians endorse police power and wartime protest suppression simultaneously
• High authoritarians fail to recognize authoritarian traits in themselves
• High authoritarians maintain inflated self-images by avoiding unpleasant truths
• High authoritarians punish crimes less when the criminal targets groups they despise
• High authoritarians received childhood training in obedience and fear of outsiders
• High authoritarians reduce guilt chiefly by asking God for forgiveness.
• High authoritarians score normally on IQ yet fail at abstract reasoning and critical thinking
• High authoritarians shift their attitudes toward group averages even on charged issues like homosexuality.
• High authoritarians supported both Pamyat nationalists and the Communist Party
• High authoritarians systematically avoid contact with outgroups and rule-breaking experiences
• High authoritarians voice anti-prejudice statements yet simultaneously blame marginalized groups for their condition
• High authoritarians will even attack mainstream right-wing parties the state targets
• High authoritarians yea-say slightly more than low authoritarians do
• High dogmatism predicts refusal to change belief regardless of evidence’s direction.
• High dogmatism predicts resistance to evidence on both sides of any issue
• High reliability coefficients can be manufactured by item count regardless of construct coherence
• High RWA individuals conceal their prejudice more than low RWA individuals do
• High RWA scores hurt Democratic but not Republican advancement to higher office
• High RWAs agree every item proposed is society’s biggest problem
• High RWAs are chronically closer to the panic button than the population
• High RWAs blame victims rather than authorities who order harm
• High RWAs can hold contradictory views about deservingness and discrimination
• High RWAs cluster as right-wing lawmakers whose politics form a consistent dominance package
• High RWAs condemn political intimidation only when their own side is the victim.
• High-authoritarian elites gorged on personal wealth while their people starved
• High-authoritarian officials would dismantle rights absent any crisis to justify it
• High-authoritarian players ignored worsening poverty calls for collective action.
• High-authoritarian politicians refuse psychology surveys more than lows do
• High-authoritarian simulated leaders prioritize short-term profit over ecosystem vulnerability.
• High-authoritarianism groups pursue dominance and immediate profit at the cost of long-term survival
• High-authoritarianism legislators favor restrictions that limit civil liberties
• High-authoritarians ignore obvious pandering and believe dishonest politicians are sincere
• High-RWA Canadians deny Quebec independence rights that they grant Ukrainians
• High-RWA contradiction stems from compartmentalized thinking, not mere yea-saying
• High-RWA Russians favored their own nation more
• Higher authoritarianism consistently predicts strongly favoring one’s own nation
• Higher authoritarianism predicts stronger AIDS stigma and punitiveness
• Higher-authoritarian legislators were less likely to respond to the survey
• Highly active church members show the least prejudice of all attendance groups
• Highly publicized sex surveys suffer severe self-selection and response bias
• Hindu Toronto sample rivaled Christian authoritarians while Jews scored very low
• Hitler’s Big Lie technique was borrowed from Allied trench propaganda
• Hitler’s propaganda theory held that repetition of a few slogans beats factual accuracy
• Holocaust belief was measured on an 8-72 scale with 40 as neutral.
• Holocaust denial propaganda shifts belief even when paired with a perpetrator confession
• Holocaust-denial material was read by 74 students under anonymous conditions
• Homophobia served as a cross-culturally neutral prejudice measure
• Hostile censorship advocates on campus are likely wild-card authoritarians
• Hyping a dangerous world drives populations toward authoritarian leaders
• Identical survey responses can stem from opposite interpretations
• Imagined economic turmoil triples role-played authoritarianism among students
• Imagined left-wing upheaval sharply raises projected authoritarianism
• Improving a questionnaire’s internal consistency substantially strengthens its measured correlations
• Improving scale reliability strengthens Quest’s observed link to prejudice reduction
• In a simulated world, high-authoritarian leaders produced famine and war where low-authoritarians cooperated
• In the simulation, self-selected leaders are empowered to embezzle group assets for personal wealth
• Inconsistent research findings often signal underlying measurement error rather than real variation
• Individual variation in authoritarianism results from heterogeneous life experiences plus genetic factors
• Information alone rarely changes real-world attitudes or behavior
• Initial significant results often reflect chance and vanish on replication
• Intolerance of ambiguity and rigidity were not part of the F Scale definition
• Intrinsic religion’s low-prejudice link vanishes under non-self-report measures
• Lawmaker personalities still shape decisions despite institutional pressures
• Lawmakers’ anti-freedom and anti-equality stances form one coherent dimension
• Lawmakers’ RWA answers cohere far more tightly than other attitude measures
• Lawmakers’ RWA responses cohere because authoritarianism forms an organizing ideology.
• Left and right authoritarians share one underlying personality structure
• Left-wing authoritarianism cannot be measured without abandoning the construct’s core definition.
• Left-wing authoritarianism disappeared because the left’s radical moment ended
• Legitimized status hierarchies suppress ethnocentrism at the cost of subordinate self-esteem
• Long scales achieve acceptable reliability without valid unidimensional measurement
• Long scales can show acceptable reliability while measuring many unrelated things
• Longitudinal psychological samples skew toward stable, urban, educated people
• Longitudinal RWA follow-ups achieve 64 percent response rates after eighteen years
• Longitudinal RWA samples are unrepresentative self-selected urban professionals
• Low authoritarians abandon environmental principles when their own jobs are threatened
• Low authoritarians correctly discount assigned essays and infer no personal opinion
• Low authoritarians show double standards favoring liberal figures and causes
• Low authoritarians show same hypocrisy bias when tested on their own beliefs
• Low F-scale scores could equally describe Communists who submit to their own authorities
• Low internal consistency makes a scale’s findings uninterpretable
• Low RWAs occasionally misbehave but still differ fundamentally in integrity from Highs
• Low-authoritarian elites cooperated globally while high-authoritarian elites communicated in private huddles.
• Low-authoritarian groups avoid war entirely in simulated global politics
• Low-authoritarian politicians in the South are almost always Democrats
• Low-authoritarians showed no better critical reasoning than high-authoritarians
• Low-RWA players spontaneously disarmed and avoided all war
• Low-RWA teams responded calmly to ambiguous hostile moves
• Lows faded because the social issues that nurtured them disappeared by the late 1970s.
• Major social events can shift adult authoritarianism in either direction
• Male and female students’ sexual anxieties show near-zero overlap
• Male students showed a double standard toward female versus male homosexuality
• Males have serious sexual fantasies about twice as often as females
• Manipulation tactics cause far more unwanted intercourse than force alone
• Manitoba students’ acceptance of homosexuals rose sharply during the early 1990s
• Many conservatives differ from violent authoritarians only in degree, not kind
• Many conservatives resemble Oklahoma City bombers in kind, not degree
• Many conservatives resemble right-wing terrorists in kind more than degree
• Many psychology students knew of Milgram’s study, forcing deception in later replication
• Many religious people score low on authoritarianism and are non-fundamentalist
• Many voters would elect extremely authoritarian candidates given a crisis.
• Marginalized groups’ assertive claims to rights infuriate authoritarians more than their mere existence.
• Measuring authoritarianism as attitudes allows disguising personality tests as opinion surveys.
• Media hyping of a dangerous world increases authoritarianism in the public
• Medieval copyists reproduced contradictory views without vouching for them
• Men and women’s sexual worlds are so divergent that the same experience registers differently.
• Men more than women frame sex as a power contest
• Men report far fewer acts of intercourse than sexually active women
• Men under-report committing rape relative to women’s reports of being raped
• Merely orthodox religious belief does not predict prejudice
• Methodological errors can be exploited to produce null results researchers want
• Milgram, Asch, and Zimbardo established the power of situations to override character
• Milgram’s obedience studies show situations can override personal character.
• Milton Rokeach failed to build an ideology-free measure of closed-mindedness
• Mirror-image authoritarians on opposing sides perpetuate group conflict
• Modern societies still produce millions of authoritarian personalities annually
• Moral distinctions between democracy and dictatorship do not explain the separatist double standard
• Moral panics over gay soldiers proved unfounded when policies took effect
• Moscow students’ national bias was partial, at times reversed
• Most basic-training soldiers would obey orders to suppress a parliamentary coup.
• Most freshly trained soldiers would obey orders to crush democracy itself
• Most high authoritarians claim they have no faults hidden from themselves.
• Most high authoritarians say archaeological disproof of Jesus would not affect their faith
• Most male students report attempting forced or manipulated sexual contact with women
• Most non-virgin college women reported coerced or forced intercourse at least once
• Most ordinary soldiers would obey orders to crush democratic institutions
• Most state electorates chose at least one extremely high-RWA lawmaker.
• Most subjects delivered labeled high-voltage shocks within seconds of being asked
• Most young men attempt sexual contact via manipulation or force at least once
• Narrative can dislodge prejudice more effectively than polemics and polls
• Nationalistic bias in Soviet students was mixed rather than monolithic
• Nazi perpetrators escaped justice and later benefited from denial of their crimes
• Nearly 1,250 US state legislators took a valid authoritarianism scale
• Nearly everyone chose to keep nuclear weapons when free to decide
• Nearly half of college women had nonconsensual intercourse at least once
• Neo-Nazi Stormtroopers were more educated but mostly failed college.
• No claim worth keeping; chapter positioning.
• No coherent left-wing authoritarian ideology emerged from measured student responses
• No evidence demonstrates fascists and communists share an authoritarian personality type
• No genuine left-wing authoritarian was found despite a valid scale for measuring one
• No left-wing authoritarians were found among 2,500 respondents over two decades
• No measurable authoritarianism asymmetry favors left-wing lawmakers
• Non-authoritarians and wild cards, not left or right authoritarians, drive RWA-LWA correlations
• Non-Christians may resist evidence contradicting their beliefs
• Nonfundamentalist church members show prejudice levels matching the nonaffiliated.
• Novelty of first-time survey participation raises arousal and defensive answering
• Objective political differences do not explain authoritarian double standards.
• Obstacles to authority were found among the most heritable traits
• Oklahoma City bombing revealed internet hate literature’s real-world damage
• Older parents were more pro-repeal of rights than students were.
• Older, less internally consistent scales correlated as well with outcomes as newer ones.
• One underlying authoritarianism trait explains many disparate attitudes
• One-directional survey items make scales falsely look valid and consistent
• Only 1-2 percent of research subjects know they are taking an authoritarianism test.
• Only a fifth of respondents had no overarching life outlook at all
• Only a small fraction of respondents can infer that a survey measures authoritarianism
• Only authoritarian submission, aggression, and conventionalism covaried reliably in scale testing
• Only one of twelve church-member studies supports the curvilinear religion-prejudice model
• Only religion-as-quest predicts reduced covert prejudice
• Only three Berkeley personality clusters covaried reliably in item-testing
• Openly racist political newcomers must temper their appeal to attract high authoritarians
• Opposing the establishment does not require an authoritarian personality
• Ordinary personality dimensions have substantial genetic sources, not just environment
• Out-group visibility infuriates authoritarians regardless of the specific target group
• Overlapping attendance categories can manufacture the curvilinear relationship by labeling.
• Overlapping category ranges can mislabel subjects and distort study conclusions
• Parenthood duration does not rebound authoritarianism scores higher
• Parenthood raises authoritarianism while higher education lowers it
• Parents more strongly endorsed abolishing the Charter than their student children.
• Parents systematically overestimate how closely their children adopt their own attitudes
• Partner counts dropped in the early 1990s, likely due to AIDS fear.
• Party affiliation strongly predicts ethnocentrism among American legislators
• Party differences in authoritarianism nearly vanished among sampled state legislators
• Past discrimination, not current beneficiaries, shortchanged today’s white applicants.
• Past sexual partner count strongly predicts relationship cheating
• People automatically divide the world into in-groups and out-groups.
• People disclose long-held secrets more readily under anonymous survey conditions.
• People do not inevitably grow more conservative with age
• People high in left-wing authoritarianism tended also to score high on right-wing authoritarianism
• People high on both right-wing and left-wing authoritarianism read as extreme hostility
• People hold central beliefs far more rigidly than peripheral ones
• People hold contradictory stereotypes about right-wingers just as they do about leftists
• People systematically ignore situational constraints and infer personal opinion from assigned essays
• People whose basic outlook is capitalism rank second to the religious in authoritarian aggression
• People with no religious affiliation show less prejudice than any Christian denomination
• Perceived authoritative sanction disinhibits authoritarian aggression.
• Perceived authorities include parents, clergy, police, judges, and heads of government
• Perceived betrayal of fundamental authorities justifies rejection of normal ones.
• Personal contact with an openly gay person reduces prejudice against the group
• Personality-driven authoritarians, not ideological leftists, drive leftist movements toward violence and dictatorship.
• Political elites actually differ in authoritarianism more than bystanders estimate
• Political lawmakers show unusually high internal consistency on the RWA Scale
• Political party affiliation predicts authoritarianism better than any other variable
• Political party affiliation strongly predicts authoritarian personality scores among Canadian legislators.
• Political violence perpetrators differ in degree, not kind, across the ideological spectrum
• Politicians conceal their true views behind skillfully managed public images
• Poor measurement reliability doomed dogmatism research to weak, unstable findings
• Prejudice provides authoritarians a sanctioned outlet for aggression
• Prejudiced people rank freedom far above equality in values
• Presented with credible truth and absurd lies, students believed the lie.
• Pro-life activists score extremely high on right-wing authoritarianism measures
• Public university education reduces authoritarianism through exposure to diversity
• Published scales are used far beyond their stated validation scope by researchers
• Random assignment created two comparable groups receiving positive versus negative false feedback
• Real intergroup threats raise hostility mainly among low authoritarians
• Real-world observation can directly seed a testable research hypothesis
• Rebels who are authoritarian are more ethnocentric and homophobic than other rebels
• Receiving flattering test feedback increases people’s desire to see evidence for the test.
• Reform MPs scored far higher on authoritarianism than Liberal or NDP MPs.
• Reform MPs showed the least commitment to economic equality of all parties.
• Reform Party supporters scored highest on authoritarianism and social dominance
• Reform Party voters scored highest on ethnocentrism among Canadian party supporters
• Reform supporters ranked highest on every authoritarianism measure
• Religion as quest values open-ended doubting over settled answers
• Religion items posed a risk of swamping the RWA scale
• Religious authoritarianism items can swamp measures of general authoritarianism
• Religious commitment measured intrinsically does not prevent authoritarianism
• Religious divine forgiveness reduces guilt more than it increases it
• Religious emphasis correlates with authoritarianism only because parents drive both
• Religious fundamentalism correlates with authoritarian aggression beyond the religion items’ tautology
• Religious fundamentalism predicts prejudice only through rightwing authoritarianism
• Religious fundamentalism’s link to aggression is explained entirely by authoritarianism
• Religious life-outlook correlates with the highest authoritarianism and dogmatism
• Religious training emphasizing rule obedience and fear of God creates authoritarian personalities
• Religiously-based life outlooks score highest on both zealotry and authoritarianism
• Repeated identical methods across twelve years reveal genuine behavioral trends
• Repeated identical surveys track longitudinal behavior change
• Reported infidelity among university students rose from 1994 to 1996
• Repressed same-sex impulses predict antihomosexual hostility in avowedly heterosexual men.
• Researchers can compartmentalize knowledge across roles and overlook implications.
• Researchers can inflate apparent validity by cherry-picking a test’s best items.
• Researchers can keep participants anonymized yet later recoverable via self-chosen secret numbers
• Researchers selectively reported only the finding supporting their position.
• Researchers sometimes conceal or later retract promised feedback to protect participants
• Resisting disconfirming evidence only becomes dogmatism after repeated failures
• Respondents guess they are being studied even when offered an opt-out
• Respondents who detect a test’s intent shift to socially desirable answering
• Response acquiescence can fabricate correlations between unrelated survey scales
• Response acquiescence can forge fake statistical links between unrelated measures
• Response bias makes balanced surveys appear spurious multifactor structures
• Response sets inflate correlations between similarly worded personality scales
• Responses must correlate across topics for authoritarianism to exist as a trait.
• Restrictive versus egalitarian childrearing predicts later authoritarian attitudes
• Rewriting authoritarian items as their opposites is surprisingly difficult
• Right-wing and left-wing authoritarianism scores correlate positively, not negatively
• Right-wing authoritarianism correlates most strongly with low openness and introspection.
• Right-wing authoritarianism correlates with hostility toward homosexuals among university students.
• Right-wing authoritarianism describes psychological submission, not economic politics.
• Right-wing authoritarianism has operated at the highest levels of democratic government
• Right-wing authoritarianism is defined as covariation of three attitudinal clusters
• Right-wing authoritarianism is negatively associated with cognitive complexity
• Right-wing authoritarianism is psychological submission, not economic conservatism
• Right-wing authoritarianism predicts blaming AIDS victims and demanding quarantine
• Right-wing authoritarianism predicts racial prejudice as a conventional outlet for aggression
• Right-wing authoritarianism predicts religious orthodoxy across Judaism and Islam too
• Right-wing authoritarianism predicts willingness to persecute outgroups across multiple samples
• Right-wing authoritarianism scale scores outperform typical personality tests on predictive validity
• Right-wing authoritarianism strongly predicts lawmakers’ anti-democratic voting dispositions
• Right-wing authoritarians among legislators oppose freedom and equality at a .84 correlation
• Right-wing authoritarians apply harsher judgments to low-status or out-group offenders for identical acts.
• Right-wing authoritarians are not uniformly opposed to empathy and introspection
• Right-wing authoritarians conform to majority opinion more than others do.
• Right-wing authoritarians dislike almost every outgroup regardless of race or creed
• Right-wing authoritarians do not support constitutional rights protections.
• Right-wing authoritarians should show stronger minimal group effects.
• Right-wing authoritarians show more hostility and dogmatism than left-wingers
• Right-wing authoritarians who also score high on left scales stay prejudiced
• Right-wing economic views correlate with authoritarian personality scores.
• Right-wing legislators endorse social dominance more than left-wing ones.
• Rights provisions can be framed as the cause of social problems.
• Rightwing authoritarians score significantly lower on environmental concern measures.
• Rokeach sought authoritarianism common to all ideologies, independent of content
• Rokeach’s D Scale lacked clean evidence supporting its core premise from the start.
• Rokeach’s dogmatism model came from personal theorizing, not data
• Rokeach’s dogmatism scale failed to measure belief systems independent of ideology
• Rokeach’s famous Dogmatism Scale lacked construct validity from its inception
• Rokeach’s final Dogmatism Scale abandoned most of his own theoretical model
• Rokeach’s own data contradict his claim that right-wingers are more dogmatic
• Roughly a third of college students have cheated on a partner
• Russian authoritarians deserted communism for nationalist and religious parties
• Russian authoritarians shifted parties as democratic reforms faltered.
• RWA and ethnocentrism correlate more strongly in US legislators than any prior study
• RWA and LWA scores correlate positively across both student and parent samples
• RWA correlations extend beyond shared-response-surface artifacts
• RWA covariation may be culturally restricted rather than universal
• RWA findings do not actually validate the Berkeley authoritarian theory
• RWA research validates only part of the Berkeley model.
• RWA Scale findings rank among the strongest and most replicated results in behavioral science
• RWA scale items do not depend on religious content to predict religiosity
• RWA scale items required continual updating as social contexts changed
• RWA Scale reliability replicated on Russian students under Soviet rule
• RWA scores correlate strongly with indifference to human rights in many countries
• RWA scores decline with age but far more sharply among the childless
• RWA scores predict anti-gay hostility better than other personality variables
• RWA scores shift substantially in individuals across adulthood (r=.59 over 18 years)
• RWA scores show negligible genetic influence because identical and fraternal twins correlate similarly.
• Saying no when meaning yes undermines date-rape consent defenses
• Scale development demands repeated empirical refinement across many samples
• Scale items deliberately anchor right-wing revolutionaries away from left-wing measures
• Scale-shortening item selections are unstable across different samples
• Schindler’s List had no measurable effect on students’ belief in the Holocaust
• School-prayer advocates compartmentalize away that Jesus opposed public prayer
• Scores barely moved after reading a firsthand confession of mass murder
• Self-declared capitalists score highest on ethnocentrism and social dominance
• Self-declared capitalists score second only to religious people in authoritarianism
• Self-described conservatives are typically High right-wing authoritarians
• Self-identified capitalists show more ethnocentrism and social dominance than socialists
• Self-identified socialist students show surprisingly high authoritarianism unlike socialist parents
• Self-selection bias masks the true magnitude of partisan authoritarian differences.
• Self-serving bias and compartmentalization of contradictions are universal, not authoritarian-specific
• Several design features make lawmakers’ RWA responses likely truthful
• Sex guilt correlates with both low sexual activity and higher sexual aggression in authoritarians.
• Sex guilt paradoxically correlates with both low sexual behavior and sexual aggression
• Sexual experiences can be rewarding yet felt from radically different gendered perspectives
• Shared acquiescence can create spurious correlations between any two measures
• Shared home environment has almost no effect on intelligence variance.
• Shared home environment has little effect on intelligence variance
• Shortened scale items are unstable and fail to replicate.
• Shortened scales inherit and add measurement problems from originals
• Shortened versions of the Dogmatism Scale failed to represent the full scale
• Simply denouncing hate material does not neutralize its persuasive effect on uncritical readers
• Simulation games can explore hypothetical worlds of all-High or all-Low authoritarians
• Simulation games can model real-world environmental and geopolitical tradeoffs
• Situations usually override individual personality differences in behavior.
• Sixty-four expert essays gave sixty-four different definitions of conservatism
• Skipping a negative word flips respondents’ recorded opinions to the opposite
• Social dominance correlates weakly with authoritarianism but moderately with ethnocentrism.
• Social pressure to profess belief masks the private religious doubt of authoritarians.
• Social psychology long treated claims of innate leadership as refuted errors
• Socialist parents scored lowest on authoritarianism measures in 1993
• Some authoritarians could defect to revolutionary movements against the establishment
• Some authoritarians remain open to changing their beliefs
• Some elected right-wing officials reject equality as a governing value.
• Some people reject authoritarian submission and aggression regardless of which direction it points
• Some religious believers approach faith as open-ended questioning that resists pat answers
• Southern Democratic senators scored extremely high on authoritarianism.
• Southern Low-RWA politicians stay Democrats because Republican advancement demands authoritarian beliefs
• Soviet students held nationalistic biases favoring their own superpower
• Soviet students showed nationalism only on some items while reversing on others
• Soviet students showed no double standard about superpower military intervention rights
• Soviet students were also self-critical, at times more so than pro-Soviet
• Spouses’ authoritarianism scores correlate substantially, possibly due to assortative mating.
• State legislators apply double standards favoring their own nation
• Statistical significance alone does not guarantee a real effect exists.
• Statistically significant p-values sometimes reflect nothing real
• Street-level violence makes ordinary people more right-wing authoritarian
• Strongly held beliefs reduce response-set bias in survey measures
• Strongly worded items measure no better than mild ones.
• Strongly worded survey items correlate no better than mild ones
• Student authoritarianism rose from 1973 to 1987, then declined back to 1970s levels.
• Student self-labeled socialists show authoritarian tendencies that adult socialists lack
• Student socialists scored high on authoritarian scales in 1993
• Students changed Holocaust beliefs from a denialist account but not from a perpetrator’s confession
• Study samples showed greater authoritarian divergence between parties than students estimated
• Submissive conventional people experience social change as a shrinking island of stability
• Successive scale versions yielded near-identical empirical correlations with other constructs
• Superstitious belief is not always a marker of authoritarianism, as New Age values show
• Support for political correctness does not track left-right ideology but Wild-Card Authoritarianism.
• Supposed left-wing authoritarians in past movements were probably right-wing wild cards
• Survey data from coerced group settings is virtually worthless as individual measurement.
• Survey research is vulnerable to systematic measurement errors that skew results
• Survey respondents answer less consistently when anonymous than when identified
• Survey self-selection bias hides the true Democratic-Republican authoritarianism gap
• Suspending critical thought for religion stems from authoritarian submission
• Test completion speed correlates with which scales show poor internal consistency.
• Testing egalitarians for hypocrisy requires framing dilemmas around their own commitments.
• The 1960s upheavals polarized Americans and drove many toward Nixon’s authoritarianism
• The 1973-87 authoritarianism rise came from Lows disappearing and moderate Highs multiplying.
• The 40-item Dogmatism Scale has weak internal consistency
• The age of first intercourse among college students dropped steadily through the 1990s.
• The American Nazi Party admitted a researcher to its locked Arlington headquarters in 1971
• The American Nazi Party renamed itself months before an ex-member assassinated its founder
• The Berkeley model of authoritarianism centered three core clusters plus six to nine more.
• The civil rights movement, Vietnam, and Watergate generated high RWA scores.
• The claimed curvilinear link between left-right attitudes and dogmatism lacked significance tests
• The classic Dogmatism Scale failed because of weak consistency and yea-saying bias
• The D and F scales have statistically independent underlying factor structures.
• The Dogmatism Scale lacked construct validity due to low consistency and yea-saying bias.
• The far right fabricates quotes because its preferred authorities rarely support its positions
• The initial job-loss framing effect on authoritarian attitudes failed to replicate
• The Low-High authoritarian divide mirrors the high-neo-Nazi divide as degree not kind
• The Minnesota twin design compared 375 twin pairs both reared together and apart
• The most authoritarian lawmakers systematically refused to answer the survey
• The Nazi party newspaper framed crime stories as threats posed by Jews and blacks
• The Oklahoma City bombing pushed Altemeyer to publicize experimental evidence on hate propaganda
• The Quest scale’s uni-directional items may inflate scores through acquiescence bias
• The RWA scale achieved record measurement reliability among US lawmakers
• The RWA scale correlates with liberal-conservative outlooks yet hides its purpose
• The RWA Scale distinguishes people tolerating unfair government acts
• The RWA Scale measures one underlying authoritarian dimension, not separate traits
• The RWA Scale produced exceptionally high internal consistency among US legislators
• The RWA scale’s cross-cultural uniformity may vanish with broader sampling
• The scale of a research literature proves nothing about its true value
• The scientific drive and the moral fear motivate authoritarianism research
• The SDO scale now omits nationalism in favor of equality items
• The Soviet survey sample comprised humanities and science majors rather than social science students
• The Traditionalism scale’s published reliability contains a documented data error
• Those defying against pressure and obeying against pressure scored differently on authoritarian personality measures.
• Those high in RWA are less willing to admit personal faults
• Threat shifts moderate and low authoritarians most, not the already-high
• Three in ten legislators still endorsed an outdated McCarthyist Communist threat.
• Traditionalism and obedience to authority show strong genetic heritability
• Truth-seeking assumptions leave people unprepared for deliberate lying
• Twin studies attribute about seventy percent of intelligence variance to genetics
• Twins reared apart show authoritarianism is almost entirely heritable
• Twins-reared-together data cap authoritarianism heritability near thirty percent
• Two distinct worldviews underlie the two authoritarianism forms
• Two-thirds of college virgin students remained virgins two years later
• U.S. military training directly enabled Latin American death squads
• Unbalanced scales can show spurious significance without true construct validity
• Unbalanced scales inflate both alphas and empirical correlations.
• Unbalanced scales inflate reliability alphas and correlations through acquiescence
• Unbalanced survey scales allow response bias to inflate apparent reliability
• Unbalanced survey scales produce inflated internal correlations but deflated cross-measure correlations
• Unchangeable belief means refusing evidence even at death’s door
• Unequal category ranges distort published research results
• Unidimensional attitude scales allow reliable cross-scale inference from single survey items
• Unidimensionality enables causal explanation rather than mere correlation
• Uninformed respondents degrade survey reliability by acquiescing indiscriminately
• University education lowers authoritarianism, most among high scorers
• University students evaluate nearly all sexual acts positively and by gender similarly
• University students rate nearly all sexual acts positively on enjoyment scales
• University students shifted toward homophobia after reading flimsy propaganda arguments
• US party RWA gaps were substantial yet smaller than Canada’s
• US Republican legislators scored well above Democrats on authoritarianism
• Validated religious scales fall out easily from high interitem correlations
• Vermont’s left-wing lawmakers scored extremely low on authoritarianism.
• Very high authoritarians hold elected office in most state legislatures
• Very low response rates make popular sex surveys misleading
• Viewing a powerful Holocaust film did not protect viewers against later denial literature
• Violent supremacist groups claim to be true Christians despite Christ’s anti-prejudice teachings
• Virginity is not a simple binary state but admits graded categories
• Warring authoritarians on opposing sides are near-identical mirror images.
• Wealthy regions refused refugees while poorer regions bore catastrophic losses
• Wegmann studied recall of conflicting opinions using screened volunteers
• What the Intrinsic Scale actually measures is religiosity importance, not Allport’s concept
• White men who profited from past discrimination lack standing to protest affirmative action
• White supremacists claim Christian identity against Christ’s teachings
• White-supremacist groups claim authentic Christianity despite its anti-prejudice tenets
• Women perished far more than men in the simulated world ruled by authoritarians.
• Women who treat sex as a game never achieve full sexual adulthood
• Writers sometimes omit quotation marks around contested terms to keep prose smooth
• Young men and women rate most sexual acts similarly positively
• Zealotry is measurable as a distinct trait of enthusiasm, mission, and anger at disagreement
• Zealotry is measurable as enthusiasm plus a mission to dominate
• Zealotry is not confined to religion but appears in any belief domain
• Zyklon B was tested and selected as the execution agent at Auschwitz