Racialization assigns presumed negative traits to define a group.

Evidence

Essentializing often takes the form of ‘Othering’ or ‘racialization’, the ascription of various negative features and roles that are supposed to define a group of people. … In relation to Muslims, some of the negative traits are an obsession with religion over other aspects of life, moral conservatism, especially in relation to sexuality, patriarchy, and a tendency to act on religion or politics in extreme and violent ways. — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 594

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines racialization/Othering concretely via the negative trait-ascription mechanism, then grounds it in the stereotype cluster applied to Muslims.
• XREF: connects to: Some Othered traits are rejected as negative by the minority themselves. — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 596; Racial identity arises as a negative product of oppression; Cultural traits like language, clothing, and religious practice can racialize a group. (+12 more)

Related

• Racialization mutates with the power interests that institutionalize it, not fixed phenotypes. (similarity 0.87)
• Cultural traits like language, clothing, and religious practice can racialize a group. (similarity 0.87)
• Racialization can proceed from cultural traits without any phenotypic difference (similarity 0.86)
• Racialization operates through cultural traits and social interactions, not only physical cues. (similarity 0.86)
• Racialization describes how signifying processes construct social groups as races. (similarity 0.85)
• Racialization analysis targets groups marked by race, not prejudice itself. (similarity 0.85)
• Muslim Americans are racialized even when visibly white, so racialization must include cultural traits (similarity 0.85)
• When religion is racialized, cultural traits serve as surrogates for biology (similarity 0.84)
• Cultural racism substitutes cultural traits for biological ones in racializing groups. (similarity 0.84)
• The racialized Muslim category swept in non-Muslims who merely look Muslim (similarity 0.84)
• Racial essences gained epistemic force from strategic shifting attributes, not fixed ones. (similarity 0.83)
• Religious identity can become racialized by imputing biological and cultural inferiority (similarity 0.83)
• Racial identification is learned, not observed in skin color. (similarity 0.83)
• Muslims were racialized through cultural signifiers rather than phenotype alone (similarity 0.83)
• Muslims get racialized via projected religious ancestry regardless of self-understanding (similarity 0.82)

Broader Connections

• Cultural traits like language, clothing, and religious practice can racialize a group. #exemplifies (0.90)
• Racialization operates through cultural traits and social interactions, not only physical cues. #exemplifies (0.90)
• Racialization can proceed from cultural traits without any phenotypic difference #expands (0.90) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 88
• Muslim Americans are racialized even when visibly white, so racialization must include cultural traits #exemplifies (0.90) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 88
• Racial identity arises as a negative product of oppression #expands (0.85)
• Cultural racism substitutes cultural traits for biological ones in racializing groups. #exemplifies (0.85)
• Racism functions as practices that ascribe and legitimate social positions #expands (0.85)
• Racialization mutates with the power interests that institutionalize it, not fixed phenotypes. #expands (0.80)
• Racism operates through biological and cultural registers that reinforce each other #expands (0.80)
• Racialization shifts with the political interests of those in power #expands (0.80) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 86