The racialized Muslim category swept in non-Muslims who merely look Muslim

Evidence

The new racialized terrorist sutured all these aforementioned groups together with those who “look Muslim” such as Indian Sikhs and Hindus, Arab and Iranian Christians, and even brown skinned people from Latin American countries. — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 539

Categorization

• XREF: Evidence that the operative category was racialized appearance (phenotype) rather than actual religion — parallels arguments also found in the Aziz cluster about the fungibility of the ‘Muslim’ marker. — connects to: Muslims were racialized through cultural signifiers rather than phenotype alone — Junaid Rana, Terrifying Muslims: Race and Labor in…, 106; Muslims are racialized as a social group rather than a religious one; Muslim identity gets racialized through names and clothing, not only skin tone — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 70 (+6 more)

Broader Connections

• Muslim names alone can racialize phenotypically white people #exemplifies (0.95) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 91
• The racialized Muslim category flexibly absorbs perceived Muslims across ethnicity, nationality, and religion. #expands (0.93) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 630
• Muslims were racialized through cultural signifiers rather than phenotype alone #qualifies (0.92) — Junaid Rana, Terrifying Muslims, 106
• People who seem white can be raced non-white on the basis of Islam alone. #exemplifies (0.92) — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 252
• Muslim identity gets racialized through names and clothing, not only skin tone #qualifies (0.90) — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 70
• Muslims are racialized as a social group rather than a religious one #qualifies (0.88)
• Muslim racialization into Whiteness depends on phenotype and skin color #contradicts (0.88)
• Converting to Islam causes white people to be reracialized as non-white #exemplifies (0.85) — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 89