Racialization mutates with the power interests that institutionalize it, not fixed phenotypes.

Evidence

Therefore, for me to use the concept of racialization to understand how Muslim bodies acquire racial meanings, I provide a newer, updated definition of the term employing other factors that allow for bodies to be understood as racial. I define it as “the process by which bodies become racial in their lived realities because of biological and/or cultural traits as a result of the inter­ section and cooperation between ideologies, policies, laws, and social interactions that results in the denial of equal treatment in society.” This definition allows scholars to examine racialization as interactional—­between societal institutions and individuals. — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 88 (#exemplifies, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Racial essences gained epistemic force from strategic shifting attributes, not fixed ones.; Race operates as an active structuring principle of present society, not a residue.; Racialization shifts with the political interests of those in power — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 86 (+12 more)

Related

• Racial essences gained epistemic force from strategic shifting attributes, not fixed ones. (similarity 0.94)
• Racialization can proceed from cultural traits without any phenotypic difference (similarity 0.92)
• Racialization operates through cultural traits and social interactions, not only physical cues. (similarity 0.90)
• Racial identification is learned, not observed in skin color. (similarity 0.88)
• Cultural racism substitutes cultural traits for biological ones in racializing groups. (similarity 0.87)
• Racialization assigns presumed negative traits to define a group. (similarity 0.87)
• Cultural traits like language, clothing, and religious practice can racialize a group. (similarity 0.86)
• Racialization shifts with the political interests of those in power (similarity 0.85)
• Racialization describes how signifying processes construct social groups as races. (similarity 0.85)
• Cultural racism substitutes cultural difference for biological difference as a racial logic (similarity 0.85)
• Muslim Americans are racialized even when visibly white, so racialization must include cultural traits (similarity 0.85)
• Racialization is a changing process where context shapes anti-racism too (similarity 0.84)
• Race is a medium that transforms contingent attributes into supposed essences (similarity 0.84)
• The moment of being mistaken for Muslim is a direct lesson in racialization’s power (similarity 0.83)
• Sociological approaches insist race and ethnicity have autonomous, non-reducible effects (similarity 0.83)

Broader Connections

• Racialization can proceed from cultural traits without any phenotypic difference #exemplifies (0.75) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 88
• Cultural racism substitutes cultural traits for biological ones in racializing groups. #exemplifies (0.70)
• Cultural traits like language, clothing, and religious practice can racialize a group. #exemplifies (0.70)
• Racialization operates through cultural traits and social interactions, not only physical cues. #exemplifies (0.65)
• Capitalism differentiated peoples into racial categories rather than homogenizing them #expands (0.60) — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 205
• Capitalism conserving non-capitalist modes produces racial and colonial ideologies. #expands (0.60)
• Racial distinctions operate as active structuring principles, not mere historical residues #expands (0.55)
• Structural utility, not ignorance, sustains Muslim racialization. #expands (0.55)
• The colonized’s inferiority is created by the racist, not innate #corroborates (0.55) — Frantz Fanon, Constance Farrington, Black skin, white masks, 341
• Capitalism emerged within feudalism rather than negating it, rooted in racialism. #expands (0.50)