Racism rests on pseudo-scientific race accounts that justify inequality.

Evidence

All forms of racism are based on non-scientific accounts of ‘races’ that seek to justify the persistent and extensive disadvantages and inequalities those groups face in society. It is of course true that there is a wide range of diversity among and within British (to say nothing of international) Muslim communities. At the same time, all Muslims are vulnerable to Islamophobia as a form of racism, and responding to that continued challenge is the main focus of this report. — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 115

Categorization

• DEFINE: Stakes the definitional ground: the functional test of racism is the justification of group inequalities, and internal diversity does not shield Muslims from racism as a category.
• XREF: connects to: Respected scientists published absurd race-based claims during World War I; Preexisting race-thinking gave racism a false veneer of respectability; Modern science extended, not ended, the fiction of racial inferiority. (+7 more)

Related

• Racism scholarship’s biologistic paradigms long excluded anti-Muslim discrimination as unclassifiable (similarity 0.84)
• Races are produced by racism, not by biology (similarity 0.84)
• Racism shifts from discredited scientific claims to cultural arguments (similarity 0.83)
• Socially constructed race still drives real-world outcomes for groups (similarity 0.83)
• Racism operates through biological and cultural registers that reinforce each other (similarity 0.82)
• Racialization assigns presumed negative traits to define a group. (similarity 0.82)
• Anti-Muslim racism contains internal contradictions and countervailing tendencies that resist neat causal models (similarity 0.82)
• Cultural racism locks groups into immutable genealogies just as biological race did. (similarity 0.82)
• Racism scholarship long confined itself to biological black-white and antisemitic models (similarity 0.82)
• Racialization describes how signifying processes construct social groups as races. (similarity 0.82)
• Modern scientific racism displaced religion from the race concept. (similarity 0.82)
• Race is a culturally invented discursive category used to inferiorize groups. (similarity 0.82)
• Cultural-racism defenses are fallacious since all racism includes cultural components (similarity 0.82)
• Races are produced by racism, not biology, through imperial practice (similarity 0.82)
• Racism’s first function is to fragment the population into biological subspecies. (similarity 0.82)

Broader Connections

• Modern science extended, not ended, the fiction of racial inferiority. #expands (0.92)
• Preexisting race-thinking gave racism a false veneer of respectability #corroborates (0.90)
• Respectable scientific pioneers, not just racists, furnished racism’s racial hierarchies #expands (0.90) — Zygmunt Bauman, Modernity and the Holocaust, 199
• Cultural racism substitutes cultural traits for biological ones in racializing groups. #expands (0.88)
• Racism operates through biological and cultural registers that reinforce each other #expands (0.85)
• Biological racism and cultural differentialism are racism’s two registers, not separate systems #expands (0.85)
• Racism functions as practices that ascribe and legitimate social positions #expands (0.82)
• Philological reduction of language legitimates claims connecting race to mind and character. #expands (0.80)