Racism operates through biological and cultural registers that reinforce each other

Evidence

Modood (1997), however, in my opinion goes too far in attempting to distinguish “cultural racism” from any connection with fixity or the biological and draws, too, a sharp opposition between “biological racism” and “cultural differentialism.” I think this misreading comes from not taking the discursive character of racism sufficiently into account. Modood is therefore misled into taking the biological referent in “biological racism” too literally. — Stuart Hall, Essential Essays, Volume 2, 395 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Biological racism and cultural differentialism are racism’s two registers, not separate systems; The biological referent is never fully absent from discourses of ethnicity; Race and ethnicity are mutually converting categories caught in a double demand (+17 more)

Related

• Biological racism and cultural differentialism are racism’s two registers, not separate systems (similarity 0.95)
• Cultural and biological racisms cannot be sharply separated discursively (similarity 0.91)
• The biological referent is never fully absent from discourses of ethnicity (similarity 0.89)
• Biological racism and cultural differentialism combine rather than replace each other. (similarity 0.88)
• Cultural racism locks groups into immutable genealogies as biological racism did (similarity 0.87)
• Cultural-racism defenses are fallacious since all racism includes cultural components (similarity 0.86)
• Cultural racism locks groups into immutable genealogies just as biological race did. (similarity 0.85)
• Cultural racism substitutes cultural traits for biological ones in racializing groups. (similarity 0.84)
• Race and ethnicity are two concurrent registers of a single racism (similarity 0.84)
• Racism scholarship long confined itself to biological black-white and antisemitic models (similarity 0.83)
• Racism rests on pseudo-scientific race accounts that justify inequality. (similarity 0.82)
• Racism relocated from biology into culture after Darwinism lost legitimacy (similarity 0.82)
• Racialization mutates with the power interests that institutionalize it, not fixed phenotypes. (similarity 0.82)
• Twentieth-century racism shifted from biology to culture (similarity 0.82)
• Culturalist readings of race can erase structural and cultural inequality claims (similarity 0.81)

Broader Connections

• Cultural racism substitutes cultural difference for biological difference as a racial logic #expands (0.95)
• Cultural racism substitutes cultural traits for biological ones in racializing groups. #expands (0.95)
• Cultural and biological racisms cannot be sharply separated discursively #corroborates (0.95) — Stuart Hall, Essential Essays, Volume 2, 395
• Cultural traits like language, clothing, and religious practice can racialize a group. #exemplifies (0.90)
• Racialization operates through cultural traits and social interactions, not only physical cues. #expands (0.85)
• Racial discrimination produces measurable biological and physiological damage #exemplifies (0.80) — Runnymede Trust (ed. Farah Elahi & Omar Khan), Islamophobia, 317
• Negrophobia operates on the biological and instinctual level. #exemplifies (0.80) — Frantz Fanon, Constance Farrington, Black skin, white masks, 601
• The racialized content of the Muslim category persisted across changing labels #exemplifies (0.80) — Runnymede Trust (ed. Farah Elahi & Omar Khan), Islamophobia, 163