Islam functions as a racializing vehicle that fuses religion into racial difference.

Evidence

American Orientalism weaves in the particularities of Islam into the shifting definitions of race as applied to Arabs at different times. Thus, alienating Islam and Muslims is achieved not only by constructing them only as racially different but also rendering their religion as part of that difference just as the Reynolds Court recognized over a century ago. Islam is, once again, the racializing means, the religion and identity of non-white people. — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 246

Categorization

• DEFINE: Articulates the central racecraft claim: Islam is the racializing means, making religion itself carry racial difference rather than remaining separate.
• XREF: This is the crux to compare with Aziz’s ‘Racial Muslim’ thesis and with the Fields sisters’ racecraft concept. — connects to: Islam is ideologically expelled from religion itself in its racialization — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim: When Racism Quashes…, 872; Islamophobia has coalesced Muslims into a distinct racial group and Islam into a race. — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 61; Muslims can evade racialization by concealing religious difference (+18 more)

Broader Connections

• Islamophobia has produced Muslims as a racial group and Islam as a race #corroborates (0.98) — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 61
• Islamophobia has coalesced Muslims into a distinct racial group and Islam into a race. #corroborates (0.97) — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 61
• Islamophobia operates as a racial formation, not merely religious prejudice #corroborates (0.96) — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 46
• Islam comes to function as a race through racecraft that erases internal ethnic differences #expands (0.94) — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 516
• Targeting and dialectical resistance have made Islam function as a race. #corroborates (0.92) — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 34
• Muslims are racialized as a social group rather than a religious one #expands (0.90)
• Orientalism converted Muslim identity from a religion into a race. #corroborates (0.90) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 161
• Religion gets racialized by ascribing inherited biological traits to a faith community #expands (0.89) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 257
• Muslim religious identity becomes a racial category through surveillance. #exemplifies (0.88)
• Race and religion are inextricably intertwined in Islamophobic discourse. #corroborates (0.87) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 104
• Muslims are racialized by reframing their religion as a violent ideology. #exemplifies (0.86)
• Islam’s racial function shifts with changing Muslim demographics. #qualifies (0.85)
• Muslims get racialized via projected religious ancestry regardless of self-understanding #exemplifies (0.84) — Mareike Riedel, Islamophobia, Racial Discrimination…, 64
• Muslims can evade racialization by concealing religious difference #qualifies (0.83)
• Islam is ideologically expelled from religion itself in its racialization #expands (0.82) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 872