Legal change does not alter the underlying racecraft that produces anti-Muslim violence

Evidence

Across the United States, there have been armed protests at mosques, Qur’an burnings, people followed and attacked, people shot and stabbed near mosques, hijabwearing women have experienced violence, shots have been fired through mosques, rocks thrown through windows, fire-bombings, arson, graffiti, pigs heads, bacon thrown in mosques, violent messages left on mosque phones, and harassment of religious leaders. Of course, the authorities have not reacted the way they did in the 1950s and the legal landscape has changed, however, it is the similarity in the racecraft and violence that is noteworthy here. — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 509

Categorization

• DEFINE: Shows racecraft operating as the persistent generative mechanism behind violence even where formal law has changed.
• XREF: connects to: Anti-Muslim racism is not continuous from the Inquisition to Abu Ghraib — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 92; Muslims’ racial diversity undermines race-based legal claims; Anti-Muslim oppression constitutes structural racism, not mere religious intolerance — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 91 (+14 more)

Broader Connections

• Conversion does not erase racialized Muslim identity #exemplifies (1.00)
• Secular law regulates violence rather than eliminating it #corroborates (0.95)
• Anti-Muslim oppression constitutes structural racism, not mere religious intolerance #expands (0.90) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 91
• Racial statecraft is normal to modernity, not an aberration #complicates (0.90) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1703
• Anti-Muslim discrimination should be fought through existing anti-racism frameworks #complicates (0.90) — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 58
• Anti-Muslim racism is not continuous from the Inquisition to Abu Ghraib #qualifies (0.85) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 92
• Violence by one Muslim is generalized to all while Christian violence is not #complicates (0.85) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 54
• Mainstream anti-Islamophobia defense framed bias as cultural misunderstanding, not racism #complicates (0.85)
• Anti-Muslim racialization is unstable, contested, and co-produced with anti-racism #expands (0.85) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 193
• Muslims’ racial diversity undermines race-based legal claims #complicates (0.80)
• Anti-Muslim racism has no unbroken historical continuity from medieval to modern forms #qualifies (0.80)
• Defensive Muslim groups accommodate rather than confront the racist frame imposed on them #complicates (0.80) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 1049
• Socioeconomic status does not protect Muslims from racialization during war #qualifies (0.80)
• Muslims were told anti-Muslim racism cannot exist because Muslims are not a race #complicates (0.75) — Runnymede Trust (ed. Farah Elahi & Omar Khan), Islamophobia, 583
• Anti-Muslim crusades are political and cultural wars, not religious ones #exemplifies (0.75) — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 60