Islamicization operates independently of actual Muslim belief or visible identity markers

Evidence

By the 2010s, the underlying racial or religious identity of a person was no longer central to their Islamicization. Islamicized people do not have to be practicing Muslims, nor do they have to be Black or brown. For example, a turban-wearing Sikh man who is profiled, is not profiled because he is Sikh. He is profiled because he has been Islamicized, even though he is not a believer of Islam. Whereas a Muslim woman who does not wear hijab and bears no outward marker of Islam might evade profiling, but becomes a target when she outs herself as a Muslim. Similarly, a white woman in hijab becomes raced through Islam. In this context, if we claim that a white convert is racialized, it is because of Islam and nothing else. — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 316

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines what ‘Islamicization’ means in her framework: a racializing process detached from actual religious practice or belief.
• XREF: Directly parallels Aziz’s ‘Racial Muslim’ argument that non-Muslims like Sikhs get racialized as Muslims; this extends the point to show belief and practice are entirely irrelevant to the category. — connects to: Muslim religious identity is ascribed by outsiders, not internal practice; Muslims get racialized via projected religious ancestry regardless of self-understanding — Mareike Riedel, Islamophobia, Racial Discrimination…, 64; The concept of Islam as a unified system supersedes actual Muslim experience (+6 more)
• QUESTION: If Islamicization requires no belief and no visible marker, what exactly anchors the category — what does the profiling target read on the body?

Broader Connections

• Perceived religiosity among Muslims is decided by outside observers, not actual belief #expands (0.93) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 90
• Muslim religious identity is ascribed by outsiders, not internal practice #expands (0.90)
• The closed views typology targets Islam as identity rather than Muslims as people #exemplifies (0.88) — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 367
• Muslims get racialized via projected religious ancestry regardless of self-understanding #expands (0.86) — Mareike Riedel, Islamophobia, Racial Discrimination…, 64
• Muslim identity cannot be reduced to religion alone #responds-to (0.85) — Fred Halliday, ‘Islamophobia’ Reconsidered, 43
• Islam in America operates as a political identity of otherness beyond religion #exemplifies (0.85) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 69
• The concept of Islam as a unified system supersedes actual Muslim experience #expands (0.82)
• Muslim identity alone triggers persecution in some nations while practicing faith does in others #complicates (0.75)
• Muslim racialization operates through visual perception and performed characteristics across discursive regimes #complicates (0.75) — Junaid Rana, Terrifying Muslims, 97