Race and religion are inextricably intertwined in Islamophobic discourse.

Evidence

First, I will use Islamophobia interchangeably with anti-Muslim and anti-Islam bigotry and hostility because I believe that Muslims do experience exclusion and discrimination based on their real or perceived religious identities. Second, my use of the term will assume that it reflects bigotry rooted in cultural racism in addition to perceived religious differences. Race and religion are inextricably intertwined in Islamophobic discourse and actions, and in most of the examples of Islamophobia that I use in this book, I will make no attempt to argue that they are reflections of only one or the other. — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 104

Categorization

• DEFINE: Answer to the reader’s core question: the author deliberately refuses to separate religion from race in the term.
• XREF: connects to: Islamophobia is increasingly theorized as a form of racism rather than mere religious prejudice; Islamophobia and racial prejudice are entangled in distinct ways across Western contexts — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 64; Islamophobia is powered by the overlap of Muslims being both inside and outside (+9 more)

Broader Connections

• Islamophobia is increasingly theorized as a form of racism rather than mere religious prejudice #corroborates (0.80)
• Islamophobia operates as cultural racism rooted in religion, culture, and ethnicity rather than biology. #expands (0.75) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 92
• Islamophobia and racial prejudice are entangled in distinct ways across Western contexts #corroborates (0.70) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 64
• Religious identity racializes Arab and South Asian Muslims along shared lines #corroborates (0.70)
• Islamophobia is powered by the overlap of Muslims being both inside and outside #expands (0.60)
• Muslim religious identity becomes a racial category through surveillance. #corroborates (0.60)
• Islamophobia is a conflict over American identity rooted in racial and religious bitterness. #corroborates (0.55)
• Islamophobic experience varies with race, gender, location, and regime type #complicates (0.50)