Muslims are racialized by reframing their religion as a violent ideology.

Evidence

In short, for Varadarajan, all Muslim Americans are “imminently violent,” and while they appear to be integrated into American society, they are in fact ticking time bombs who could explode into violent, murderous rage. Kundnani argues that Hasan carried out the attack in large part due to the fear that he would be deployed to a Muslim-majority country and become complicit in war crimes against Muslims. He adds that Hasan also may have acted because the authorities had refused to investigate allegations of war crimes that had emerged in his counseling sessions with army patients. Discounting these real lived circumstances that might have explained his actions, cultural racism was deployed to make the argument that Muslims are driven by “Islam” to be violent. — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 621 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Islamophobia has coalesced Muslims into a distinct racial group and Islam into a race. — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 61; Post-2010 discourse racialized not only visible Muslims but Islam itself as an ideology — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 262; The national security state has racialized Muslims into a category vulnerable to premature death. — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 52 (+26 more)

Broader Connections

• Muslims move down the racial hierarchy rather than becoming a new race #complicates (0.75)
• Cultural racism explains Muslim violence through religion rather than lived circumstances #complicates (0.74) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 621