Surveillance targets a Muslim name, not religious belief, making it racial discrimination

Evidence

The surveillance of beauty is another way that Muslim American women who wear the hijab are surveilled for their cultural practices. Whiteness has become a marker of beauty and privilege both in the United States as well as in countries that make up the southern hemisphere, such as India (Hunter 2011). This is evidenced by the increased interest and use of skin lightening creams both in the United States and internationally. Hunter (2011) refers to “racial capital” as a material benefit people possess based on their skin tone. In a racialized society, the lighter one’s skin tone, the more access one has to economic resources such as jobs or social networks (Glenn 2009; Hunter 2011). Muslim women who wear the hijab were told wearing it made them ugly; they are also racialized for their beauty. — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 292 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Modern surveillance is structured by anti-Blackness — , The Braided Reading EPUB: 5-Year…, 2569; Airport profiling collapses religious identity and racial appearance into a single target — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 65; FBI discipline of black religion proceeded through profiling and cataloging (+24 more)

Related

• Religious identity can be racialized when signifiers trigger profiling (similarity 0.94)
• The hijab rather than skin tone triggers racializing surveillance of Muslim women (similarity 0.91)
• Surveillance operates differently on Muslim men and women through distinct mechanisms (similarity 0.91)
• Muslim religious identity becomes a racial category through surveillance. (similarity 0.89)
• The hijab functions like skin tone by marking bodies as racial others (similarity 0.88)
• Muslim names alone can racialize phenotypically white people (similarity 0.87)
• Surveillance derives from country-of-origin priority lists that racialize Muslim identity (similarity 0.87)
• US surveillance systematically targets select bodies using racial cues (similarity 0.87)
• The hijab, not skin color, triggers citizen surveillance of Muslim American women. (similarity 0.87)
• The hijab functions as a racial marker that triggers airport surveillance (similarity 0.87)
• Surveillance racializes Muslims by casting them as threats rather than protected citizens. (similarity 0.86)
• Surveillance targets Muslim Americans based on religious identity regardless of citizenship (similarity 0.86)
• The hijab marks Muslim women instantly and provokes hostile public encounters (similarity 0.86)
• The hijab triggers routine searches while skin tone only does in crises (similarity 0.86)
• Citizen surveillance targets hijab-wearing women publicly but men privately as suspected terrorists (similarity 0.86)

Broader Connections

• Surveillance justified by religious identity constitutes racialization of Muslims #corroborates (0.85)
• Surveillance derives from country-of-origin priority lists that racialize Muslim identity #expands (0.70)
• The hijab rather than skin tone triggers racializing surveillance of Muslim women #complicates (0.60) — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 292
• Racializing Muslims as threats sustains a surveillance state with gendered effects #expands (0.55)