FBI discipline of black religion proceeded through profiling and cataloging

Evidence

RACON’s final report, the Survey of Racial Conditions in the United States (1943), reveals the way in which the FBI attempted to discipline religious conduct in the United States. The report creates a profile of pro-Japanese African American organizations that warned of Islam’s links to pro-Japanese sentiment. It then attempted to catalog all of the various Muslim groups popular among black Americans as a way of measuring the security risk to the US nation-state. — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 393

Categorization

Category: Causal Relationships

Related

• The FBI surveilled black Muslims as seditious threats more than white Arab immigrants (similarity 0.91)
• The FBI surveilled black Muslim religious life as a national security risk (similarity 0.91)
• FBI surveillance drives Muslim congregations to self-police and Americanize (similarity 0.82)
• The FBI conflated Black Muslim anti-racism with sedition and imperialism critique (similarity 0.81)
• Fear of black Muslims uniting with colonized peoples drove FBI surveillance. (similarity 0.81)
• The FBI treated politically active black religions as non-religion (similarity 0.80)
• Routine Muslim religious practices trigger FBI terrorism suspicion under radicalization theory (similarity 0.80)
• State surveillance targets religious identity rather than class or political loyalty (similarity 0.79)
• No US religious community endures such simultaneous embrace and surveillance (similarity 0.79)
• Racialized religious signifiers trigger hostile surveillance interactions with state and citizens (similarity 0.79)
• The FBI treated Black Muslims’ political Islam as a national security threat for decades. (similarity 0.79)
• The FBI relabeled Black Muslim groups as cults to dodge religious protections. (similarity 0.79)
• The USA PATRIOT Act produced the surveillance society that made Muslim bodies constantly monitored (similarity 0.79)
• Federal attention to US Muslims historically began as anti-Black surveillance (similarity 0.78)
• The FBI cataloged Black Muslim groups despite finding no evidence of Japanese collusion (similarity 0.78)

Broader Connections

• The FBI treated black Islam as a political sign regardless of actual loyalty #expands (0.85) — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 398
• Muslim religious identity becomes a racial category through surveillance. #expands (0.80) — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 65
• Surveillance justified by religious identity constitutes racialization of Muslims #corroborates (0.80) — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 344
• FBI surveillance drives Muslim congregations to self-police and Americanize #expands (0.75) — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 684
• Fear of black Muslims uniting with colonized peoples drove FBI surveillance. #expands (0.75) — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 376
• Religious identity can be racialized when signifiers trigger profiling #expands (0.70) — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 169
• Racial profiling extends to religious signifiers like Muslim names and clothing. #expands (0.70) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 227
• The US government manufactured Islamophobia as a disciplinary technique against black political activism #expands (0.70) — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 399
• Racialized religious signifiers trigger hostile surveillance interactions with state and citizens #expands (0.70) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 650
• Surveillance targets a Muslim name, not religious belief, making it racial discrimination #expands (0.70) — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 181
• Airport profiling collapses religious identity and racial appearance into a single target #expands (0.70) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 65