Surveillance targets Muslim Americans based on religious identity regardless of citizenship

Evidence

The interviews also revealed that South Asian and Arab men and women, regardless of their status as Americans, were surveilled by both the state and their fellow citizens because of their religious identity. South Asian and Arab Muslim Americans had similar experiences to one another because of the way their religious identity was interpreted. Their ethnicity as South Asian or Arab intersected with their Muslim identity and gender in salient ways that impacted social interactions in their everyday lives because it had made them a target for surveillance. — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 104

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to Beydoun and other scholars on Muslim racialization as a surveillance mechanism independent of citizenship status. — connects to: Airport profiling collapses religious identity and racial appearance into a single target — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 65; Muslim citizenship in America is negated by religious identity after crises — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 340; State surveillance escalates with how visibly Muslim a person is — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 380 (+43 more)
• recurring: this claim recurs 3 times within its source

Broader Connections

• Surveillance justified by religious identity constitutes racialization of Muslims #expands (0.90)
• Muslim identity overrides American citizenship in airport profiling #exemplifies (0.90) — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 222
• Surveillance targets a Muslim name, not religious belief, making it racial discrimination #expands (0.85)
• State surveillance targets religious identity rather than class or political loyalty #corroborates (0.85)
• Muslim religious identity becomes a racial category through surveillance. #expands (0.85)
• Religious identity replaced ethnicity as the marker making Muslim Americans seen as anti-American #expands (0.85)
• Muslim-name profiling is racial, not religious, discrimination #expands (0.85)
• Hypersurveillance itself is the mechanism that racializes Muslim Americans #expands (0.85)
• The watchlist database skews heavily toward Arab and Muslim Americans. #exemplifies (0.85) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 217
• Citizenship itself is racialized, protecting some citizens while criminalizing Muslim Americans. #expands (0.85)
• The surveillance gaze denies Muslim Americans the psychological privileges of citizenship #expands (0.80)
• Racialized surveillance denies Muslim Americans the individuality citizenship requires. #expands (0.80) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 546
• Racialized surveillance itself strips Muslims of substantive citizenship #expands (0.80) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 658
• Surveillance derives from country-of-origin priority lists that racialize Muslim identity #expands (0.80)
• Blanket accusations of Muslims justify state surveillance by identity #corroborates (0.80)