Stereotype-driven trait-priming effects operate without conscious awareness and are culturally shared

Evidence

These experiments demonstrated that a gender stereotype moderates, and may be a necessary precondition of, the Higgins et al. (1977) trait-priming effect. Like the previous demonstration of gender bias in fame judgments, this result involves implicit social cognition; it occurs without the subject being consciously aware of an influence of recent experience (name exposure and trait exposure, respectively). At the same time, these effects reveal gender stereotypes because they occur selectively when the information content of recent experience stereotypically fits the social category (gender) of the target of judgment. The lack of subject sex effects in both procedures indicates that the stereotypes they reflect are culturally shared among both men and women, rather than being stereotypes of an out-group by an in-group (cf. lost & Banaji, 1994). — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition, 223

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Awareness of prior influence marks the boundary separating implicit cognition from priming effects — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition: Attitudes,…, 40; Stereotypes can operate implicitly outside conscious awareness — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition: Attitudes,…, 193; Subliminal stereotype priming raises hostility judgments regardless of stated prejudice. — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition: Attitudes,…, 199 (+5 more)

Broader Connections

• Prejudice and stereotypes can operate implicitly without perceivers’ awareness #corroborates (0.92) — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2378
• Stereotypes influence judgments even when perceivers are unaware #corroborates (0.90) — John T. Jost and Jim Sidanius, Political Psychology, 2933
• Implicit racial bias operates outside conscious awareness and explicit beliefs #corroborates (0.85) — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 2170
• Automatic stereotype activation is controllable and context-dependent #complicates (0.78) — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 333
• Implicit stereotypes are controllable and shaped by context #complicates (0.78) — John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick, Laurie A. Rudman, On the Nature of Prejudice, 333