Awareness of prior influence marks the boundary separating implicit cognition from priming effects

Evidence

Priming and context effects. In common with implicit social cognition, priming and context effects involve the effect of prior events on the response to a current stimulus. However, whereas priming and context function as designations for operationally defined categories of effects, implicit cognition designates a theory-defined category of effects. Some established priming and context effects fall well within the boundaries of implicit social cognition. Others should not be grouped with implicit effects because of the subject’s likely awareness of the effect of prior experience on behavior or judgments. — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition, 40

Categorization

• DEFINE: Distinguishes implicit cognition (theory-defined) from priming/context effects (operationally defined), using the subject’s awareness as the sorting criterion.
• XREF: The awareness-of-prior-influence criterion should predict which measurement contexts capture genuinely implicit vs. demand-laden group-defense responses. — connects to: Implicit cognition is past experience’s unnoticed trace shaping responses. — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition: Attitudes,…, 21; Unconsciously primed concepts trigger corresponding behaviors in people; Implicit bias operates below awareness and resists admission even when perceived — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law: A Definitive Look at…, 666 (+7 more)

Broader Connections

• Implicit biases can be consciously overridden through deliberate attention #complicates (0.90) — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 1362
• Implicit bias operates below awareness and resists admission even when perceived #complicates (0.88) — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 666
• Time pressure activates implicit racial bias while conscious awareness enables cognitive override #exemplifies (0.88) — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 409
• Redirecting attention to a biasing cue reduces or reverses the implicit effect it produces. #exemplifies (0.86) — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition, 241
• Primed concepts unconsciously increase matching behaviors such as walking slowly or interrupting #exemplifies (0.85)
• Unconsciously primed concepts trigger corresponding behaviors in people #qualifies (0.82)
• Stereotype-driven trait-priming effects operate without conscious awareness and are culturally shared #qualifies (0.80) — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition, 223
• Social cognition largely operates in an implicit mode #qualifies (0.78) — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition, 269
• Implicit social cognition research reveals prejudice operating below conscious awareness #responds-to (0.72)