Sociological approaches insist race and ethnicity have autonomous, non-reducible effects

Evidence

The principal stress in this second tendency is on race or ethnicity as specifically social or cultural features of the social formations under discussion. Again, what distinguishes the contributors to this school as belonging—for the purposes here alone—to a single tendency, is this: however they differ internally, the contributors to the sociological tendency agree on the autonomy, the non-reductiveness, of race and ethnicity as social features. These exhibit, they argue, their own forms of structuration, have their own specific effects, which cannot be explained away as mere surface forms of appearance of economic relations, nor adequately theorized by reducing them to the economic level of determination. — Hall, Stuart, Essential Essays, Volume 1, 580

Categorization

Category: Definitional Content

• DEFINE: Defines the ‘sociological’ tendency in race theory by its core principle: the autonomy and non-reductiveness of race and ethnicity.
• XREF: Foreshadows Hall’s later theory of racism as relatively autonomous, and his engagement with Laclau and Policing the Crisis-era debates.

Related

• Economic and sociological paradigms of race define themselves through mutual correction (similarity 0.83)
• Racialization mutates with the power interests that institutionalize it, not fixed phenotypes. (similarity 0.83)
• Race has no biological reality but is a potent social force (similarity 0.82)
• Race operates as an active structuring principle of present society, not a residue. (similarity 0.82)
• Racial essences gained epistemic force from strategic shifting attributes, not fixed ones. (similarity 0.82)
• Racial categories are relative, situational constructs engendered by historical processes. (similarity 0.82)
• Racisms are only intelligible through their specific historical context, not a universal essence. (similarity 0.81)
• Race lacks a singular transhistorical essence and is not fully determined by economics (similarity 0.81)
• Economic paradigms explain racial and ethnic divisions as effects of economic structures (similarity 0.81)
• Classical biological racism has given way to multiple historically specific racisms (similarity 0.81)
• Race and class must be analyzed as articulated, not causally reduced (similarity 0.81)
• Socially constructed race still drives real-world outcomes for groups (similarity 0.81)
• Racism is a societal system of ethnic and racial domination, not merely ideology (similarity 0.80)
• Civil society institutions reproduce racially structured societies through non-coercive means (similarity 0.80)
• A black-white paradigm in antiracism theory obscures other racisms and inequality forms (similarity 0.80)

Broader Connections

• Racialization operates through cultural traits and social interactions, not only physical cues. #exemplifies (0.80) — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 68
• Cultural racism substitutes cultural difference for biological difference as a racial logic #exemplifies (0.75) — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 247
• Cultural racism substitutes cultural traits for biological ones in racializing groups. #exemplifies (0.75)
• Cultural traits like language, clothing, and religious practice can racialize a group. #exemplifies (0.75) — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 69
• Racialization can proceed from cultural traits without any phenotypic difference #exemplifies (0.70) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 88
• Capitalism conserving non-capitalist modes produces racial and colonial ideologies. #exemplifies (0.70) — Hall, Stuart, Essential Essays, Volume 1, 611
• Education and refinement could qualify blackness in Antillean social judgment #exemplifies (0.65) — Frantz Fanon, Constance Farrington, Black skin, white masks, 995