Race fractures the working classes internally in ways class alone cannot explain

Evidence

For Du Bois, the recovery of this last fact became as elementary to revolutionary theory as a recognition of the peasant masses whose revolts in Russia, Mexico, and China had rocked the ruling classes of the twentieth century. … The collective and individual identities of American workers had responded as much to race as they had to class. The relations of production were not determinant. — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 1438 (#exemplifies, via linked claim)

Race is thus, also, the modality in which class is “lived,” the medium through which class relations are experienced, the form in which it is appropriated and “fought through.” This has consequences for the whole class, not specifically for its “racially defined” segment. It has consequences in terms of the internal fractioning and division within the working class which, among other ways, are articulated in part through race. … For racism is also one of the dominant means of ideological representation through which the white fractions of the class come to “live” their relations to other fractions, and through them to capital itself. — Hall, Stuart, Essential Essays, Volume 1, 637 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Race and class must be analyzed as articulated, not causally reduced; Economic and sociological paradigms of race correct each other’s weaknesses but both remain inadequate; Economic structure is necessary but not sufficient to explain race relations (+14 more)

Related

• American workers’ identities responded as much to race as to class (similarity 0.90)
• Race is the lived modality of class, affecting the whole class. (similarity 0.90)
• American racism fused Black people into one mass preventing internal class divisions (similarity 0.87)
• Race is the lived medium through which class relations are experienced (similarity 0.87)
• Racial difference can be constructed as antagonism within a single exploited class (similarity 0.87)
• English racial order prevented workers from separating class universality from racial particularism (similarity 0.86)
• Racism as ideology, not production relations, blocked US class consciousness. (similarity 0.86)
• Race and class must be analyzed as articulated, not causally reduced (similarity 0.85)
• Race operates as an active structuring principle of present society, not a residue. (similarity 0.85)
• Race lacks a singular transhistorical essence and is not fully determined by economics (similarity 0.85)
• Economic and sociological paradigms of race define themselves through mutual correction (similarity 0.85)
• Capitalist proletarianization reproduced internal divisions rather than unifying the working class (similarity 0.84)
• Racial ideology functions as a labor discipline for capital (similarity 0.84)
• Capitalists deploy racism to fracture labor movements into competing factions (similarity 0.83)
• Capitalism triumphed by cultivating divisions rather than erasing them within the working class (similarity 0.83)

Broader Connections

• American workers’ identities responded as much to race as to class #exemplifies (0.75) — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 1438
• Race is the lived modality of class, affecting the whole class. #corroborates (0.70)
• Race is the lived medium through which class relations are experienced #corroborates (0.70) — Hall, Stuart, Essential Essays, Volume 1, 637
• Capitalism differentiated peoples into racial categories rather than homogenizing them #expands (0.60) — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 205
• English racial order prevented workers from separating class universality from racial particularism #exemplifies (0.60)
• Race lacks a singular transhistorical essence and is not fully determined by economics #expands (0.55)
• Sociological approaches insist race and ethnicity have autonomous, non-reducible effects #corroborates (0.50)