Muslims’ racial diversity undermines race-based legal claims

Evidence

Muslim identity is not a race in any phenotypical sense. Indeed, Muslims are the most racially diverse faith community in the United States, composed of African Americans and immigrants from more than seventy-five countries. Their diversity makes it hard for a lawyer to prove that a particular race or national origin, as required by Title VI, is the grounds on which national security practices are directed at Muslims. — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 61

Categorization

Category: Factual Claims

Related

• Title VI omits religion as a protected class, leaving Muslims without statutory remedy (similarity 0.89)
• American Muslims are racially heterogeneous across white, black, Asian, Latinx categories. (similarity 0.85)
• American Muslims are racially diverse and often identify as white or Asian (similarity 0.85)
• American Muslim diversity of ancestry and arrival pathways fragments unified anti-Islamophobia resistance (similarity 0.84)
• Arabs are a minority of American Muslims and mostly Christian (similarity 0.82)
• Muslim America’s narrative is rooted in blackness, not Arab identity (similarity 0.82)
• Multiple intersecting macro factors, not single causes, produce systematic anti-Muslim discrimination (similarity 0.82)
• African American and immigrant Muslims face distinct forms of anti-Muslim racism. (similarity 0.82)
• Understanding discrimination against Muslims requires analyzing race and religion together (similarity 0.81)
• Racial Muslims are denied American national identity despite citizenship or birth in the US. (similarity 0.81)
• Most US mosques are ethnically diverse yet dominated by a single ethnic group (similarity 0.81)
• Racializing enemies as boundless Muslims justifies war against diverse peoples worldwide. (similarity 0.81)
• Religious identity can become racialized by imputing biological and cultural inferiority (similarity 0.81)
• Muslim identity is criminalized by national security policies (similarity 0.80)
• American Muslim identity merges slavery-era and immigrant origins into one racialized type (similarity 0.80)