American Muslims are racially diverse and often identify as white or Asian

Evidence

Interestingly, there is a great deal of racial differentiation: 41 percent of Muslims identify as white (includes Arabs, Middle Easterners, and Iranians), 20 percent as black, 28 percent as Asian (includes South Asians), 8 percent as Latinx, and 3 percent as mixed race (Pew Research Center 2017). — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 108

Categorization

• QUESTION: The Arab/Middle Eastern categorization as ‘white’ by Pew is contestable and central to the book’s religion-vs-race question.
• DEFINE: Shows how the category ‘Muslim’ cuts across the US census/racial schema, which is foundational to racialization arguments.
• XREF: connects to: The 1924 Asiatic Barred Zone placed nearly all Muslims outside admissible whiteness; The global Muslim population of 1.8 billion is internally diverse and geographically dispersed; Islam functions as a full race in American and European hierarchies — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 527