Title VI omits religion as a protected class, leaving Muslims without statutory remedy

Evidence

Muslim identity is not a race in any phenotypical sense. Indeed, Muslims are the most racially diverse faith community in the United States, composed of African Americans and immigrants from more than seventy-five countries. Their diversity makes it hard for a lawyer to prove that a particular race or national origin, as required by Title VI, is the grounds on which national security practices are directed at Muslims. — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 61

Categorization

• DEFINE: Specifies what Title VI covers (race, color, national origin) and why religion’s absence matters for the Muslim claim.
• QUESTION: Suggests whether Bostock-era statutory interpretation could stretch national origin to cover religiously-coded targeting, or rather forecloses it.