Multiple intersecting macro factors, not single causes, produce systematic anti-Muslim discrimination

Evidence

To be sure, the Racial Muslim construct cannot explain every individualized experience or exception. Nor do I claim direct causation between the four macro factors in my theoretical frame and anti-Muslim racism. Instead, this book explains how the multiple, complex factors intersected in the past to produce systematic discrimination by the state, political elites, and members of the public against immigrant Muslims in the United States in the post-9/11 era. — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 74

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Race analysis better captures anti-Muslim discrimination than religious-discrimination framing — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 317; Housing discrimination affects both Black and nonblack Muslims more than any other Philadelphia group — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 484; Anti-Muslim racism contains internal contradictions and countervailing tendencies that resist neat causal models (+1 more)