Islamophobia predates its neologism as a racism tied to the history of race

Evidence

Although ”Islamophobia” is a fairly recent neologism, it has long existed as a conceptual framework; as a kind of racism that developed in relation to the history of the concept of race. — Junaid Rana, Terrifying Muslims, 104

Categorization

• DEFINE: Distinguishes the recent coinage of ‘Islamophobia’ from its much older conceptual existence as a racism.
• XREF: Connects to debates about whether Islamophobia is racism or religious prejudice, contrary to Hall and others who reserved ‘racism’ for biological criteria. — connects to: European colonial racial practice of differentiating Islam preceded and enabled modern Islamophobia; Pre-modern anti-Muslim prejudice laid racial groundwork without full racial ideology; Racial capitalism and colonial discourse drive Islam’s racialization over centuries — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 148 (+1 more)