Race is a recent ideological configuration distinct from older xenophobic traditions

Evidence

European xenophobic traditions such as Judeophobia, Islamophobia or Negrophobia are considerably older than race. Though most if not all of its ingredients can be found in earlier classifications, race itself is a distinctive configuration of ideological elements that we do not find configured in this way before the late eighteenth century, but that we do find so configured, and mutually reinforcing, from that time on. — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 192

Categorization

Category: Definitional Content

• DEFINE: Defines race as a distinctive ideological configuration rather than timeless hatred - clarifies the term against the backdrop of older phobias.
• XREF: Parallels the social capital reading: both treat categories as historically specific configurations rather than timeless essences.

Related

• Race as a configuration dates only from the late eighteenth century (similarity 0.85)
• Race is a modern concept tied to early global capitalism and colonial conquest. (similarity 0.80)
• Race and ethnicity cannot be understood apart from historical context. (similarity 0.80)
• Islamophobia predates its neologism as a racism tied to the history of race (similarity 0.80)
• Race is counter-historical in displacing theological modes of rationality and sociality (similarity 0.80)
• Race and racism must be distinguished analytically and politically (similarity 0.80)
• Anti-racists who accept fixed race categories repeat the racists’ own trap (similarity 0.80)
• Race is a modern concept barely existing before the Enlightenment (similarity 0.80)
• Race categories are historical and political, not pigment-based (similarity 0.80)
• Race and ethnicity are analytically distinct categories, not interchangeable terms (similarity 0.80)
• Race is a distinctly modern construct central to globalization (similarity 0.79)
• Omi and Winant define race as an unstable complex transformed by political struggle (similarity 0.79)
• Race functions as a naturalized line of difference, not merely skin color (similarity 0.79)
• Race’s specificity is positional rather than essential yet remains real (similarity 0.79)
• Classical biological racism has given way to multiple historically specific racisms (similarity 0.79)