Antisemitism and Islamophobia share tropes but remain structurally distinct racisms

Evidence

I maintain the distinction between Islamophobia and anti–Muslim racism also to name forms of prejudice that are lodged against Islam as a religion rather than against Muslims as a people, although the two are often entangled. — Junaid Rana, Terrifying Muslims, 902

Categorization

• DEFINE: Separates prejudice against Islam-as-religion from prejudice against Muslims-as-people.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Junaid Rana, Terrifying Muslims: Race and Labor in…, 902
• XREF: connects to: Racism against Africans and anti-Semitism follow distinct psychological dynamics rooted in status perceptions. — Susan T. Fiske et al., A Model of (Often Mixed) Stereotype…, 305