Anti-Muslim and anti-Jewish stereotyping operates through racialization rather than mere religious prejudice.

Evidence

Increasingly, scholars have argued that the process of stigmatization and discrimination experienced by Muslims and Jews has not only marked them as religious minorities but has also been characterized by their ‘racialization’. Religious differences, they argue, were conceived as immutable cultural differences which converted the messy diversity of Muslims and Jews into the collective ‘Muslim’ and ‘Jew’. These negative stereotypes did not denote differences of belief only but were markers that saturated their subjects’ being. Often these stereotypes were linked with ideas about lineage, blood and phenotypical characteristics, but the more vital point is that both Jews and Muslims were branded with negative generalizations that were about not only their religious lives but their immutable attitudes and behaviour more broadly (Meer 2014). — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 700

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines racialization as converting messy religious diversity into fixed collective ‘Muslim’/‘Jew’ categories with immutable, body-saturating traits — the 2017 Runnymede turn toward ‘anti-Muslim racism’.
• XREF: This is the racialization stance in the definitional contest — directly opposed to Bleich’s neutral ‘indiscriminate negative attitudes toward Islam or Muslims’ and Halliday’s ‘anti-Muslimism’. — connects to: Anti-Muslim racism is analytically parallel to European antisemitism against Jews as Jews. — Nasar Meer, Tariq Modood, Refutations of Racism in the ‘Muslim…, 28; Anti-Muslim and antisemitic persecution became racism when conversion was deemed biologically impossible. — Nasar Meer, Tariq Modood, Refutations of Racism in the ‘Muslim…, 49; Anti-Muslim signification is culturally constructed rather than biologically grounded. — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 822 (+11 more)
• DEEPTHINKING: The point that racialization targets immutable ‘attitudes and behaviour’ — not just phenotype/blood — is a genuinely dense claim: the category of race is decoupled from biological markers and reframed around conduct, which reshapes the whole debate over whether anti-Muslim hostility is racism or religious prejudice.

Related

• Anti-Muslim signification is culturally constructed rather than biologically grounded. (similarity 0.87)
• Anti-Muslim and antisemitic persecution became racism when conversion was deemed biologically impossible. (similarity 0.87)
• Anti-Muslim racism is analytically parallel to European antisemitism against Jews as Jews. (similarity 0.87)
• The racialized content of the Muslim category persisted across changing labels (similarity 0.85)
• Racism scholarship’s biologistic paradigms long excluded anti-Muslim discrimination as unclassifiable (similarity 0.85)
• Anti-Muslim stereotypes recycle older racialized images of black and Asian youth across decades. (similarity 0.85)
• Islamophobia is best understood and countered as a form of anti-Muslim racism. (similarity 0.85)
• Anti-Muslim racism collapses diverse names, skin tones, dress, and nations into one imagined enemy. (similarity 0.84)
• Islamophobia has coalesced Muslims into a distinct racial group and Islam into a race. (similarity 0.84)
• Parallel racialization logics target Jews and Muslims across eras. (similarity 0.84)
• Four conceptual moves permit the de-racialization of Islamophobia (similarity 0.84)
• Debates on antisemitism and Islamophobia have developed largely apart from race scholarship. (similarity 0.84)
• Muslims get racialized via projected religious ancestry regardless of self-understanding (similarity 0.84)
• Anti-Muslim racism is the operationalization of the causal factor Islamophobia (similarity 0.84)
• Both Jews and Muslims have been racialized by majority populations in modern Europe. (similarity 0.83)

Broader Connections

• Islamophobia operates as cultural racism rooted in religion, culture, and ethnicity rather than biology. #corroborates (0.90) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 92
• Islamophobia is increasingly theorized as a form of racism rather than mere religious prejudice #corroborates (0.90)
• Anti-Muslim signification is culturally constructed rather than biologically grounded. #corroborates (0.85) — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 822
• Both Jews and Muslims have been racialized by majority populations in modern Europe. #corroborates (0.85) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 100
• Muslim religious identity becomes a racial category through surveillance. #expands (0.80)
• Cultural traits like language, clothing, and religious practice can racialize a group. #expands (0.80)
• Most people harboring anti-Muslim prejudice act from ignorance rather than malice. #contradicts (0.75) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 690
• Mainstream race-equality groups narrowed Islamophobia to mere religious discrimination #qualifies (0.75) — Runnymede Trust (ed. Farah Elahi & Omar Khan), Islamophobia, 748