Anti-Muslim signification is culturally constructed rather than biologically grounded.

Evidence

Unlike ‘races’ that are identified on the basis of somatic, phonotypical and visual features and the biological constructs that such racist phenomena seek to justify, as regards any anti-Muslim, anti-Islamic equivalent those same constructs must be rather more socially or culturally constructed, framed and contextualised by a historical legacy that recurs, re-emerges, reinvigorates and refines that which is given meaning for contemporary consumption, relevant for the here and now. — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 822

Categorization

• XREF: Speaks to the racialization turn in the 2017 Runnymede report and the UN racism definition — this passage locates Allen’s stance on how anti-Muslim prejudice differs from classical racism. — connects to: Anti-Muslim bias is denied legitimacy by framing Muslimness as voluntarily chosen. — Nasar Meer, Tariq Modood, Refutations of Racism in the ‘Muslim…, 8; Anti-Muslim and antisemitic persecution became racism when conversion was deemed biologically impossible. — Nasar Meer, Tariq Modood, Refutations of Racism in the ‘Muslim…, 49; Muslim group identity is socially constructed, not defined by any shared essence. — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 591 (+8 more)
• DEFINE: Clarifies the mechanism by which Muslim signifiers differ from ‘race’ signifiers.

Related

• Anti-Muslim and anti-Jewish stereotyping operates through racialization rather than mere religious prejudice. (similarity 0.87)
• Islamophobia operates as cultural racism rooted in religion, culture, and ethnicity rather than biology. (similarity 0.86)
• Interpreting Islamophobia solely as cultural racism essentialises and reduces the faith (similarity 0.86)
• Anti-Muslim and antisemitic persecution became racism when conversion was deemed biologically impossible. (similarity 0.85)
• Anti-Muslim racism has shifted from bodies to culture while keeping an essentialist logic (similarity 0.85)
• Racism scholarship’s biologistic paradigms long excluded anti-Muslim discrimination as unclassifiable (similarity 0.85)
• Anti-Muslim discrimination is justified by invidious reference to Muslim cultural practices (similarity 0.85)
• Islamophobia is best understood as an ideology akin to racism (similarity 0.84)
• Islamophobia operates as a racial formation, not merely religious prejudice (similarity 0.84)
• Islamophobia is best understood and countered as a form of anti-Muslim racism. (similarity 0.84)
• Cultural racism substitutes cultural traits for biological ones in racializing groups. (similarity 0.84)
• Muslims were told anti-Muslim racism cannot exist because Muslims are not a race (similarity 0.84)
• Anti-Muslim bias is denied legitimacy by framing Muslimness as voluntarily chosen. (similarity 0.84)
• Four conceptual moves permit the de-racialization of Islamophobia (similarity 0.83)
• Islam itself constitutes a race produced by Islamophobic racecraft. (similarity 0.83)

Broader Connections

• Islamophobia operates as cultural racism rooted in religion, culture, and ethnicity rather than biology. #corroborates (0.95) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 92
• Cultural racism targets Muslims’ beliefs and traditions as if they were inherited essence. #corroborates (0.90)
• Cultural practices become racialized when they are essentialized as innate to Muslims #expands (0.90) — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 274