No US religious community endures such simultaneous embrace and surveillance

Evidence

The interviews also revealed that South Asian and Arab men and women, regardless of their status as Americans, were surveilled by both the state and their fellow citizens because of their religious identity. South Asian and Arab Muslim Americans had similar experiences to one another because of the way their religious identity was interpreted. Their ethnicity as South Asian or Arab intersected with their Muslim identity and gender in salient ways that impacted social interactions in their everyday lives because it had made them a target for surveillance. — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 104 (#expands, via linked claim)

After 9/11, the perceptions of Muslim Americans quickly shifted from being not quite American because of their religious and ethnic identity to being a threat to America. Religious signifiers such as names or religious clothing (the hijab or the jilbaab) mark Muslims as targets for surveillance because it incites the misperception that they are dangerous, violent, oppressed, and misogynists. Because these religious signifiers are racialized, Muslim bodies encounter interactions with both the state and their private citizens that are guided by racist assumptions rooted in stereotypes of Muslims. While one may experience social isolation or questions about one’s American identity such as “Where are you really from?” because of an ethnic identity, a Muslim identity incites hostility like “Go back to where you came from!” — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 650 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Racialized religious signifiers trigger hostile surveillance interactions with state and citizens — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 650; Surveillance targets Muslim Americans based on religious identity regardless of citizenship — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 104; The surveillance gaze denies Muslim Americans the psychological privileges of citizenship (+3 more)

Related

• Racialized religious signifiers trigger hostile surveillance interactions with state and citizens (similarity 0.91)
• Surveillance targets Muslim Americans based on religious identity regardless of citizenship (similarity 0.89)
• FBI surveillance drives Muslim congregations to self-police and Americanize (similarity 0.88)
• Private citizens surveil Muslim religious practice as a threat to American values. (similarity 0.88)
• Racial targeting makes mere category membership, not enmity, grounds for persecution (similarity 0.88)
• The USA PATRIOT Act produced the surveillance society that made Muslim bodies constantly monitored (similarity 0.86)
• Even Muslim civil rights organizations are surveilled and discredited by the state (similarity 0.85)
• Hypersurveillance itself is the mechanism that racializes Muslim Americans (similarity 0.85)
• State surveillance targets religious identity rather than class or political loyalty (similarity 0.85)
• Racialized surveillance gets internalized by Muslim American children as self-discipline (similarity 0.84)
• Muslim religious identity becomes a racial category through surveillance. (similarity 0.84)
• Even high-ranking Muslim American officials were surveilled without criminal cause (similarity 0.84)
• Racialized surveillance denies Muslim Americans the individuality citizenship requires. (similarity 0.84)
• Surveillance derives from country-of-origin priority lists that racialize Muslim identity (similarity 0.84)
• The NSI institutionalizes citizen participation in racialized surveillance of Muslims (similarity 0.84)

Broader Connections

• Racialized religious signifiers trigger hostile surveillance interactions with state and citizens #expands (0.60) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 650
• Surveillance targets Muslim Americans based on religious identity regardless of citizenship #expands (0.60) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 104
• Surveillance justified by religious identity constitutes racialization of Muslims #expands (0.60)
• The surveillance gaze denies Muslim Americans the psychological privileges of citizenship #expands (0.50)
• FBI surveillance drives Muslim congregations to self-police and Americanize #expands (0.50)
• Muslim citizenship in America is negated by religious identity after crises #contradicts (0.40) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 340