Racialized religious signifiers trigger hostile surveillance interactions with state and citizens

Evidence

After 9/11, the perceptions of Muslim Americans quickly shifted from being not quite American because of their religious and ethnic identity to being a threat to America. Religious signifiers such as names or religious clothing (the hijab or the jilbaab) mark Muslims as targets for surveillance because it incites the misperception that they are dangerous, violent, oppressed, and misogynists. Because these religious signifiers are racialized, Muslim bodies encounter interactions with both the state and their private citizens that are guided by racist assumptions rooted in stereotypes of Muslims. While one may experience social isolation or questions about one’s American identity such as “Where are you really from?” because of an ethnic identity, a Muslim identity incites hostility like “Go back to where you came from!” — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 650

After 9/11, the perceptions of Muslim Americans quickly shifted from being not quite American because of their religious and ethnic identity to being a threat to America. Religious signifiers such as names or religious clothing (the hijab or the jilbaab) mark Muslims as targets for surveillance because it incites the misperception that they are dangerous, violent, oppressed, and misogynists. Because these religious signifiers are racialized, Muslim bodies encounter interactions with both the state and their private citizens that are guided by racist assumptions rooted in stereotypes of Muslims. While one may experience social isolation or questions about one’s American identity such as “Where are you really from?” because of an ethnic identity, a Muslim identity incites hostility like “Go back to where you came from!” — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 465

Categorization

• XREF: Sharp contrast between ethnic (Where are you from?) and racialized religious (Go back where you came from!) hostility — the precise religion-vs-race mechanism the reader wants. — connects to: Modern surveillance is structured by anti-Blackness — , The Braided Reading EPUB: 5-Year…, 2569; Airport profiling collapses religious identity and racial appearance into a single target — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 65; Religious minorities become politically suspect when religion ties to national identity (+22 more)
• DEFINE: Directly addresses the reader’s guiding question: how a faith gets racialized — religious signifiers get read through racist stereotypes of danger, violence, oppression, misogyny.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 650; Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 465
• recurring: this claim recurs 2 times within its source

Broader Connections

• State surveillance policies push Muslims to strengthen a targeted identity #expands (0.65) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 137
• Racial battle fatigue extends to Muslims stressed by surveillance racialization #expands (0.60)
• Racialized surveillance gets internalized by Muslim American children as self-discipline #expands (0.60) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 546