Inconsistent operational definitions prevent cumulating research on Islamophobia.

Evidence

These mesoand microlevel studies examine more fine-grained and concrete variables that can serve as causes and effects of particular forms of Islamophobia. Yet if all such studies use a different starting point for conceptualizing and operationalizing Islamophobia, it will be impossible to evaluate the consistency of the findings and to aggregate knowledge. In short, we are at the beginning of the process of thinking through what Islamophobia is and how to measure it. The next step is to develop concrete and replicable ways to do so. — Erik Bleich, What Is Islamophobia and How Much Is…, 66

Categorization

  • XREF: The standardization/cumulation worry parallels general debates in concept formation across the social sciences (e.g., process tracing and measurement validity literatures). — connects to: Islamophobia lacks a standard definition, blocking comparative social-science analysis. — Erik Bleich, What Is Islamophobia and How Much Is…, 9; The Runnymede report defines Islamophobia inconsistently across sentiment, prejudice, and discrimination. — Erik Bleich, What Is Islamophobia and How Much Is…, 13; Many Islamophobia definitions are too vague, narrow, or politically freighted for analytical use. — Erik Bleich, What Is Islamophobia and How Much Is…, 14 (+20 more)

Broader Connections