Post-2000 European Islamophobia emerged from terror, media, and the war on terror

Evidence

The question to ask therefore is: what are, or indeed what have been the conditions upon which this spread or development of Islamophobia occurred? To answer this it is important to consider the backdrop of europe since the turn of the century, one that has been punctuated and dictated by various terrorist atrocities, the ongoing mediatisation of knowledge and understanding, and the burgeoning ‘war on terror’ as both a myth and reality. — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 568

Categorization

• XREF: Fits the reader’s broader module on how definitional camps view Islamophobia’s causes — here Allen emphasizes contextual conditions over the Runnymede framework’s focus on closed views. — connects to: Islamophobia and immigration anxiety drove the Brexit vote and European racist resurgence; Discussion of Islamophobia in British media increased and grew more serious over time. — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 620; Yearly Islamophobia mentions in the British press nearly doubled after 2010 — Runnymede Trust (ed. Farah Elahi & Omar Khan), Islamophobia: Still a Challenge for Us…, 616 (+12 more)

Related

• Islamophobia gained massive discursive resonance in Europe within about a decade (similarity 0.91)
• Yearly Islamophobia mentions in the British press nearly doubled after 2010 (similarity 0.87)
• Discussion of Islamophobia in British media increased and grew more serious over time. (similarity 0.86)
• Resurgent Islam within European societies fuels the same fear in France as in Britain (similarity 0.86)
• The Islamic-terror frame failed to move policy until the 2000s (similarity 0.84)
• Media discourse frames Islamophobia as increasing and institutional. (similarity 0.83)
• Islamophobia and immigration anxiety drove the Brexit vote and European racist resurgence (similarity 0.83)
• Islamophobic content has shifted from crude cartoons to globally shared narratives and institutional suspicion. (similarity 0.83)
• Global events normalized Islamophobic discourse and made Muslims the ultimate Other (similarity 0.82)
• Islamophobia as a concept never reached everyday popular discourse. (similarity 0.82)
• The term Islamophobia was nearly absent from the British press during 1998–2003. (similarity 0.82)
• European terror prior to 2004 came mainly from nationalist rather than religious movements (similarity 0.82)
• Late twentieth-century Islamophobia shifted from Orientalist exoticism toward politicised and militarised framing (similarity 0.82)
• Islamophobic narratives shifted from vulgar cartoons to acceptable generalized suspicion (similarity 0.82)
• Migration and global media collapsed the conceptual distance separating Europeans from Muslims (similarity 0.81)

Broader Connections

• Late twentieth-century Islamophobia shifted from Orientalist exoticism toward politicised and militarised framing #expands (0.85) — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 214
• Islamophobia operates as a marketable commodity across media forms #expands (0.80) — Peter Morey, Islamophobia and the Novel, 354
• Islamophobia worldwide shares the core link between Islam and terrorism #corroborates (0.78)
• Islamophobia has material and political causes beyond ignorance or xenophobia #expands (0.78) — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 706
• European Islamophobia has moved from the far right into the political mainstream. #expands (0.75) — Arsalan Iftikhar, Fear of a Muslim Planet_ Global…, 480