The European Union helped spread Islamophobia across continents as part of its identity

Evidence

Islam in Europe: Diversity, Identity and Influence, edited by Aziz Al-Azmeh and Effie Fokas, is another volume worth noting. The book, published in 2007 by Cambridge University Press, takes a deep dive into the roots and modern emergence of Islamophobia across Europe. It convenes an impressive roster of scholars and commentators, who provide trenchant and original analysis of anti-Muslim sentiment and systems across the continent, and of special interest, in contexts including Bosnia, Turkey, and Spain. While it is now somewhat dated and its scope is limited to Europe, I consider it a valuable text given its trailblazing analysis of Islamophobia in Europe, and more notably, of the European Union’s role in “transcontinentalizing” Islamophobia and making it a central cog in the normative identity of modern Europe. — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 1828

Categorization

• XREF: Directly relevant to the reader’s global-synthesis purpose alongside Iftikhar — this dates the EU’s ‘transcontinentalizing’ role to a 2007 volume, giving historical depth to the machinery-scaling theme. — connects to: The Eurabia conspiracy theory migrated from Europe into US Islamophobia
• QUESTION: What specific mechanisms did the EU use to ‘transcontinentalize’ Islamophobia? The book only gestures at it here.