The impossibility of visually identifying Muslims justifies criminalizing Islam.

Evidence

The argument followed that because we cannot tell Muslims from non- Muslims or sharia-compliant Muslims from antinomian Muslims, it is simply better to criminalize Islam itself. — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 289

Categorization

• XREF: This unknowability-of-the-Muslim rationale is exactly the ‘Racial Muslim’ epistemic indeterminacy Aziz documents — worth using as a concrete state-legislature example of that abstract argument. — connects to: Islamophobia requires an acknowledged Muslim or Islamic element to be identified. — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 911; Muslim identity is criminalized by national security policies — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim: When Racism Quashes…, 874; Visual markers of Muslim identity are treated as interchangeable signs of threat — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 452 (+3 more)

Broader Connections

• Muslim identity is criminalized by national security policies #expands (0.88) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 874
• Visual markers of Muslim identity are treated as interchangeable signs of threat #expands (0.85) — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 452
• Muslims can evade racialization by concealing religious difference #complicates (0.85)
• The War on Terror racialized Muslim bodies to justify their surveillance #expands (0.82) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 29
• Islamophobia requires an acknowledged Muslim or Islamic element to be identified. #qualifies (0.80) — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 911
• Blanket accusations of Muslims justify state surveillance by identity #expands (0.80)