The closed views typology targets Islam as identity rather than Muslims as people

Evidence

Worthy of note also is the way in which ‘Islam’ was used as a marker for identity within the closed views rather than and in preference of ‘Muslim(s)’. — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 367

Categorization

• QUESTION: This anticipates Halliday’s anti-Muslimism critique and the later 2017 shift to anti-Muslim racism — a key fault line in the definitional debate.
• XREF: Directly relevant to Halliday’s terminological critique and the racialization turn toward ‘anti-Muslim racism.’ — connects to: Essentialized views of Islam make any Islamic reform a betrayal of the essence; Liberal gatekeeping defines authentic Muslim identity from outside — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 667; Muslim identity cannot be reduced to religion alone — Fred Halliday, ‘Islamophobia’ Reconsidered, 43 (+11 more)

Related

• Muslim identity cannot be reduced to religion alone (similarity 0.89)
• Closed views treat Islam as a monolithic, static bloc with no internal diversity (similarity 0.88)
• Essentialized views of Islam make any Islamic reform a betrayal of the essence (similarity 0.87)
• Muslim identity is real but never the sole or primary form of social self-understanding. (similarity 0.85)
• Halliday argues modern hostility targets Muslims as a people, not Islam as a faith. (similarity 0.82)
• A valid Islamophobia concept must avoid essentialising Muslims or Islam. (similarity 0.82)
• The closed-versus-open views of Islam dichotomy anchors the Runnymede model. (similarity 0.81)
• Religion is one factor among many, not the defining one, in Muslim-majority societies (similarity 0.81)
• Efforts to define Islam are what define understanding of Islamophobia (similarity 0.81)
• Perceiving Islam as monolithic and static drives most Islamophobia (similarity 0.80)
• Homogenizing Islam as a monolithic culture anchors all Othering frames (similarity 0.80)
• Runnymede defines Islamophobia as closed views of Islam (similarity 0.80)
• Early expert critiques demanded distinguishing Islam from Muslims in defining Islamophobia (similarity 0.80)
• Islamism is a distinctly non-Western modernity that rejects rather than adapts Western discourse. (similarity 0.80)
• Anti-Islamophobia must not become the sole analytical frame for studying Western Muslims (similarity 0.80)

Broader Connections

• Closed views treat Islam as a monolithic, static bloc with no internal diversity #expands (0.82) — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 365
• Islam in America operates as a political identity of otherness beyond religion #expands (0.78) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 69
• Perceiving Islam as monolithic and static drives most Islamophobia #corroborates (0.75) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 53
• Islam as identity marker is internationalist solidarity, not Arab nationalism recoded #qualifies (0.72)