Implicit cognition cannot be studied with introspection-presuming direct measures.
Evidence
To the extent that implicit cognition differs from self-reportable (conscious or explicit) cognition, direct measures—that is, measures that presume accurate introspection—are necessarily inadequate for its study. Rather, investigations of implicit cognition require indirect measures, which neither inform the subject of what is being assessed nor request self-report concerning it. — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition, 22
When used in this way to minimize reactivity, indirect measures are empirically desirable but not theoretically essential. By contrast, in studying implicit cognition, indirect measures are theoretically essential. — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition, 24
Categorization
- DEFINE: Direct versus indirect measures distinguished: indirect measures neither inform nor request self-report, the operational key to the reader’s whole line of inquiry.
- corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition: Attitudes,…, 22; Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition: Attitudes,…, 24
- XREF: connects to: Implicit cognition is past experience’s unnoticed trace shaping responses. — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition: Attitudes,…, 21; Implicit cognition theory yields predictions untestable by available measurement tools. — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition: Attitudes,…, 47; Implicit measures are required to study nonconscious gender stereotypes — John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick, Laurie A. Rudman, On the Nature of Prejudice: Fifty Years…, 778 (+1 more)
Broader Connections
- Implicit measures are required to study nonconscious gender stereotypes
#corroborates(0.83) — John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick, Laurie A. Rudman, On the Nature of Prejudice, 778 - Implicit cognition theory yields predictions untestable by available measurement tools.
#expands(0.82) — Anthony G. Greenwald and Mahzarin R. Banaji, Implicit Social Cognition, 47