Current Muslim targeting extends a long history of minority-religion racialization

Evidence

For Islam to emerge as a race in the present, the differences between Muslims and Europeans, and the purported Islamic world and Europe, had to be made meaningful and clear as a precursor. This is where the history of Europe and America’s encounter with Islam becomes important. Differentiating Muslims and Islam is one of the colonial and capitalist racial practices that has formed the substratum of modern Islamophobia and Islam-as-race. — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 112 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Parallel racialization logics target Jews and Muslims across eras. — Nasar Meer, Racialization and Religion: Race,…, 40; Pre-1970s Muslim-targeted discrimination belonged to older white-supremacy systems; Anti-communist legal machinery transfers intact onto racialized Muslim and later leftist targets. — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 557 (+11 more)

Broader Connections

• Colonial-era differentiation of Muslims preceded and enabled present-day racialization. #expands (0.92) — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 112