Anti-Islamic and anti-Muslim attitudes are distinct but overlapping targets of prejudice

Evidence

The report notes that racism and Islamophobia in the British context are often mixed together; as a result, anti-Muslim feelings and anti-Asian sentiment are often connected. In other Western contexts, it might be anti-Muslim and anti-Arab sentiments. When Muslims are involved, racist practices and prejudices get a pass. — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 64 (#expands, via linked claim)

What emerges throughout therefore, irrespective of context or setting, is the feeling that despite evidence to suggest that anti-Muslim, anti-Islamic incidents and attitudes are clearly identifiable and that the terminologies and concepts are discursively and conceptually in circulation, many are far from convinced of Islamophobia as a distinct and viable phenomenon. — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 660 (#exemplifies, via linked claim)

In addition to identifying the three core components of Islamophobia, it is necessary to stress that Islamophobia is not what cognitive psychologists refer to as a classical set (Lakoff 1987: 6, 21)13 that allows coding of objects in an unambiguous and egalitarian manner as fully inside or outside a category with a fixed boundary (such as U.S. senator). Instead, it conforms more closely to notions developed in fuzzy-set theory of a graded category (such as tall people), where Islamophobia is not an all-or-nothing proposition (Zadeh, discussed in Lakoff, 1987, pp. 21-22; Ragin 2000). Some attitudes or people clearly count as Islamophobic, and others clearly do not count. In between, there are varying degrees of Islamophobia. — Erik Bleich, What Is Islamophobia and How Much Is…, 36 (#qualifies-own, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Anti-Muslim prejudice is considered more socially acceptable than any other group’s — Runnymede Trust (ed. Farah Elahi & Omar Khan), Islamophobia: Still a Challenge for Us…, 312; Anti-Muslim hate crime harms target victims’ intrinsic identity and reach the whole Muslim community — Runnymede Trust (ed. Farah Elahi & Omar Khan), Islamophobia: Still a Challenge for Us…, 366; Islamophobia and racial prejudice are entangled in distinct ways across Western contexts — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 64 (+7 more)

Related

• Islamophobia and racial prejudice are entangled in distinct ways across Western contexts (similarity 0.89)
• Evidence of anti-Muslim incidents has not convinced many of Islamophobia as a distinct phenomenon (similarity 0.88)
• Anti-Muslim prejudice is considered more socially acceptable than any other group’s (similarity 0.87)
• Islamophobia is a graded category with degrees, not an all-or-nothing attribute (similarity 0.85)
• Antisemitism and Islamophobia share tropes but remain structurally distinct racisms (similarity 0.85)
• Miles and Brown argue anti-Muslim phenomena fit existing racism and xenophobia theories (similarity 0.85)
• Islamophobia is best understood as an ideology akin to racism (similarity 0.85)
• Islamophobia may target Islamic doctrine and Muslims separately or together (similarity 0.85)
• Most people harboring anti-Muslim prejudice act from ignorance rather than malice. (similarity 0.84)
• Islamophobia is best understood and countered as a form of anti-Muslim racism. (similarity 0.84)
• Islamophobia requires an acknowledged Muslim or Islamic element to be identified. (similarity 0.84)
• Islamophobia remains more socially acceptable than other Western prejudices (similarity 0.84)
• Islamophobia is an ideology sustaining negative meaning about Muslims. (similarity 0.84)
• Prejudice is an attitude in search of an object, not the reverse (similarity 0.83)
• Islamophobia is increasingly theorized as a form of racism rather than mere religious prejudice (similarity 0.83)

Broader Connections

• Islamophobia and racial prejudice are entangled in distinct ways across Western contexts #expands (0.82) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 64
• Evidence of anti-Muslim incidents has not convinced many of Islamophobia as a distinct phenomenon #exemplifies (0.75) — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 660