Islamophobia may target Islamic doctrine and Muslims separately or together

Evidence

Third, negative attitudes directed at Islam or Muslims suggest that the target may be the religious doctrine or the people who follow it (or whose ancestors have followed it or who are believed to follow it). This recognizes the multidimensional nature of Islamophobia and the fact that Islam and Muslims are often inextricably intertwined in individual and public perceptions. It may be possible in some circumstances to identify differences between anti-Islamic and anti-Muslim attitudes or emotions, and even to explore whether there are causal relationships between those two subcategories of Islamophobia. — Erik Bleich, What Is Islamophobia and How Much Is…, 35

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Being negative toward either Islam or Muslims counts under family resemblance. — Erik Bleich, What Is Islamophobia and How Much Is…, 83; Islamophobia punishes Muslim identity in some states and Muslim practice in others; Islamophobia functions as an existential threat that forces Muslims to conceal faith — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 46 (+1 more)

Broader Connections

• Islamophobia punishes Muslim identity in some states and Muslim practice in others #exemplifies (0.95)
• Government type and location shape how Islamophobia targets Muslims #exemplifies (0.90) — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 25
• Islamophobia functions as an existential threat that forces Muslims to conceal faith #exemplifies (0.72) — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 46