African American Muslims’ racialization under surveillance likely differs from immigrant Muslims’.

Evidence

Although in this book I show that South Asians and Arabs encounter similar experiences because they are Muslim, African American Muslims’ encounters with a racialized religious identity may differ because of their unique history with racism in the United States. The hijab may mark African Americans as foreigners like it does for South Asians and Arabs, altering the way their bodies are read and, subsequently, the way they are treated. — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 670

Categorization

• XREF: The single most on-target passage for the reader’s MOC thread — the author explicitly acknowledges the likely asymmetry between African American and immigrant Muslims that the reader needs to investigate but doesn’t resolve it, citing it as a gap for future research. — connects to: Muslim Americans move closer to the racial hierarchy’s bottom without reaching it — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 665; The FBI surveilled black Muslims as seditious threats more than white Arab immigrants; Housing discrimination affects both Black and nonblack Muslims more than any other Philadelphia group — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 484
• QUESTION: This is precisely the gap the reader’s MOC thread wants to fill — the author flags it as open, needing a source on racialized surveillance regimes. Names the needed follow-up.
• SEED: Angle: ‘the representation-withdrawal move and its racial asymmetry’ — an essay arguing that refusing representation is available to immigrant Muslims but not African American Muslims whose coupling to criminalization runs through a different apparatus.

Related

• African American Muslims experience racialized religion differently due to distinct history (similarity 0.90)
• The hijab, not skin color, triggers citizen surveillance of Muslim American women. (similarity 0.82)
• Muslim Americans move closer to the racial hierarchy’s bottom without reaching it (similarity 0.82)
• The War on Terror shifted Muslim Americans down the racial hierarchy away from whiteness (similarity 0.82)
• Muslim Americans are excluded from full citizenship through surveillance and monitoring (similarity 0.82)
• Each terrorist attack triggers renewed citizen anger and state surveillance against Muslims. (similarity 0.82)
• Muslim identity ejects Arab Americans from legal whiteness and its social benefits. (similarity 0.81)
• Hypersurveillance itself is the mechanism that racializes Muslim Americans (similarity 0.81)
• Islamophobic experience varies with race, gender, location, and regime type (similarity 0.81)
• Muslim religious identity becomes a racial category through surveillance. (similarity 0.81)
• Muslims move down the racial hierarchy rather than becoming a new race (similarity 0.81)
• Racialization denies Muslim Americans the individuality that American citizenship requires (similarity 0.81)
• No US religious community endures such simultaneous embrace and surveillance (similarity 0.80)
• African American Muslims are racialized as Black before being seen as Muslim (similarity 0.80)
• Islamic identity could not shield Black Americans from racial prejudice. (similarity 0.80)