Islamic identity could not shield Black Americans from racial prejudice.

Evidence

Of course the ban did not impact undocumented or immigrant black Muslims alone. As demonstrated by the detainment of Muhammad Ali, Jr., in the immediate aftermath of the ban, black Muslims indigenous to the United States, with fathers who just five months earlier were being remembered by American presidents and honored by the state, were also vulnerable to the Muslim ban—and vulnerable to the many policing and profiling tentacles of structural Islamophobia. While being black in America today is challenging, being black and Muslim in a nation where anti-black racism and Islamophobia converge is even more daunting. — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 460 (#expands, via linked claim)

I described the interactional processes that a Muslim identity is racialized through surveillance, which is guided by gender. The racialization of Muslim Americans is not a static process, but is constantly changing due to the sociopolitical climate. I avoid making the claim that the South Asian and Arab Muslims I interviewed are on the bottom of the racial hierarchy because they still enjoy many of the economic and social privileges that have been historically denied to African Americans. Referring back to Samuel Jackson’s comment at the beginning of this chapter, Muslims are not the new black but are moving closer to the bottom of the racial hierarchy, further away from whiteness. — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 665 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Color prejudice blocked West Indian blacks even from war volunteering.; Ali’s iconic status did not translate into empowerment for black Muslims. — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 416; Anti-black racism within Muslim American communities remains unaddressed — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 436 (+8 more)

Related

• Black American Muslims suffer compounded vulnerability from converging anti-Black racism and Islamophobia (similarity 0.90)
• African American Muslims experience racialized religion differently due to distinct history (similarity 0.85)
• Muslim America’s narrative is rooted in blackness, not Arab identity (similarity 0.85)
• Muslim Americans move closer to the racial hierarchy’s bottom without reaching it (similarity 0.84)
• Muslim Americans are racialized even when visibly white, so racialization must include cultural traits (similarity 0.84)
• Islam’s racialization dates to American slavery, not modern immigration debates (similarity 0.82)
• Muslims move down the racial hierarchy rather than becoming a new race (similarity 0.82)
• Citizenship itself is racialized, protecting some citizens while criminalizing Muslim Americans. (similarity 0.82)
• The Muslim ban extended anti-black racism to Somali and Sudanese immigrants. (similarity 0.82)
• Non-black Muslims perform anti-black racism to claim proximity to whiteness. (similarity 0.82)
• American Muslim identity merges slavery-era and immigrant origins into one racialized type (similarity 0.82)
• African American Muslims are the largest Muslim American plurality yet stay marginalized. (similarity 0.82)
• Hypersurveillance itself is the mechanism that racializes Muslim Americans (similarity 0.82)
• Categorical whiteness excludes Arabs and Muslims from the benefits of racial remedy in America (similarity 0.82)
• Even Muslim civil rights organizations are surveilled and discredited by the state (similarity 0.81)

Broader Connections

• Black American Muslims suffer compounded vulnerability from converging anti-Black racism and Islamophobia #expands (0.85) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 460
• Muslim Americans occupy a liminal racial position above African Americans #corroborates (0.70)
• Muslim Americans move closer to the racial hierarchy’s bottom without reaching it #corroborates (0.60) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 665
• African American Muslims experience racialized religion differently due to distinct history #expands (0.60) — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 478
• Muslim Americans are racialized even when visibly white, so racialization must include cultural traits #corroborates (0.60) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 88