Post-2010 discourse racialized not only visible Muslims but Islam itself as an ideology

Evidence

A decade after 9/11, lawmakers and activists turned their attention to Islam itself. Islam was redefined to mean a political ideology incompatible with the Constitution, a threat to the homeland that justified increased surveillance and racial profiling of anyone who claimed it as their religion. While in the early 2000s it was assumed that one could tell Muslims apart, as the War on Terror progressed, the worry was that stealth jihad and indeed stealth Muslims like the main characters in Homeland or Sleeper Cell— white or Black Muslims who pass as “regular” Americans would challenge the professed values of our nation. — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 262

Categorization

• recurring: this claim recurs 2 times within its source
• XREF: connects to: Once Islam itself is the problem, Muslims are permanently unassimilable. — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 252; When believers cannot be visually identified, lawmakers criminalize the religion wholesale.; Islam is ideologically expelled from religion itself in its racialization — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim: When Racism Quashes…, 872 (+3 more)

Broader Connections

• Muslims are racialized by reframing their religion as a violent ideology. #exemplifies (0.95)
• Islam is ideologically expelled from religion itself in its racialization #corroborates (0.92) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 872
• An ideology is racialized by its impact even when it lacks racial references #expands (0.85)