Muslim men can be racialized by ethnicity alone, not only by disclosed religion

Evidence

Because there are very few countering representations of Muslims as normal, law-­abiding, patriotic American citizens, the dominant narrative of Muslims as terrorists, misogynists, and sexual predators who are antifeminist and anti-­American is definitive. These cultural practices are seen as essentialized, inherent characteristics of Muslim bodies. For many Muslims, these labels are applied when they are identified as Muslim through visual clues like skin tone and clothing or nonvisual clues like having a Muslim name. Religious clothing that has acquired racial meaning racializes bodies in a similar way to skin tone. The hijab signifies foreignness and provokes the assumption that those who wear these symbols are “others” who are not American and not white. The hijab symbolizes a threat to Western feminist ideals and is associated with the forced submission of Muslim women to Muslim men (Razack 2008). But for Muslim men and women who do not wear religious signifiers, their Muslim names also racialize them even if they are phenotypically white. — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 91 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: A white non-Muslim can be forced into the Muslim’s demonological position; Muslim identity alone triggers persecution in some nations while practicing faith does in others; Religious fidelity itself increases a Uyghur Muslim’s risk of internment (+16 more)

Related

• Muslim names alone can racialize phenotypically white people (similarity 0.92)
• Muslim identity gets racialized through names and clothing, not only skin tone (similarity 0.90)
• Muslims move down the racial hierarchy rather than becoming a new race (similarity 0.88)
• A white non-Muslim can be forced into the Muslim’s demonological position (similarity 0.88)
• Muslim religious identity becomes a racial category through surveillance. (similarity 0.88)
• People who seem white can be raced non-white on the basis of Islam alone. (similarity 0.87)
• Religious identity racializes Arab and South Asian Muslims along shared lines (similarity 0.87)
• Muslim Americans are racialized even when visibly white, so racialization must include cultural traits (similarity 0.86)
• Muslim identity stripped South Asian men of their model-minority racial privilege (similarity 0.86)
• Religious identity can be racialized when signifiers trigger profiling (similarity 0.85)
• Racial targeting makes mere category membership, not enmity, grounds for persecution (similarity 0.85)
• Cultural and religious practices can racialize a body just as skin tone does (similarity 0.85)
• Cultural traits like language, clothing, and religious practice can racialize a group. (similarity 0.85)
• Muslim identity ejects Arabs from whiteness and strips them of its material benefits (similarity 0.85)
• Cultural practices become racialized when they are essentialized as innate to Muslims (similarity 0.85)

Broader Connections

• Religious identity can be racialized when signifiers trigger profiling #corroborates (0.90)
• Muslim names alone can racialize phenotypically white people #corroborates (0.85) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 91
• Muslim identity stripped South Asian men of their model-minority racial privilege #exemplifies (0.80)
• Surveillance justified by religious identity constitutes racialization of Muslims #expands (0.75)