Kumar characterizes anti-Muslim racism as an ‘ideology and practice rooted in the political economy of the empire’ (p. 7), distancing it from religious intolerance.

Evidence

Islamophobia and the politics of empire: twenty years after 9/11 (review) (International Affairs (Oxford Academic))

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: American Orientalism is the living root system that drives Islamophobia. — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 168; Kumar contends that empire creates the conditions for anti-Muslim racism, which in turn sustains empire. — Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire: 20 years after 9/11; Anti-Muslim racism remains entrenched despite Muslim inclusion in imperial systems

Related

• Kumar contends that empire creates the conditions for anti-Muslim racism, which in turn sustains empire. (similarity 0.98)
• Anti-Muslim racism arises from empire as a normal modality, not only crisis. (similarity 0.89)
• Anti-Muslim racism is structurally rooted in empire, not individual prejudice (similarity 0.88)
• Anti-Muslim racism operates as steady imperial practice, not only crisis response (similarity 0.88)
• Anti-Muslim racism is a persistent product of empire, not event-driven. (similarity 0.88)
• Islamophobia is structural racism rooted in empire, not religious intolerance (similarity 0.88)
• Anti-Muslim racism is structural to empire rather than a fringe phenomenon. (similarity 0.88)
• Anti-Muslim racism is rooted in empire, not relieved by inclusion. (similarity 0.87)
• Full anti-Muslim racism required both Enlightenment freedom ideology and European military dominance (similarity 0.84)
• The reviewer calls ‘somewhat more provocative, and problematic’ the second half of Kumar’s argument that US Islamophobia is a joint project between conservatives and liberals. (similarity 0.83)
• Islamophobia is political rather than religious and must be fought politically (similarity 0.83)
• Muslim inclusion within empire does not dent racism, so anti-prejudice remedies fail (similarity 0.83)
• Islamophobia operates as an empire advanced by cooperating governments with distinct anti-Muslim agendas (similarity 0.83)
• European superiority over Muslim empires enabled racial notions of Muslim inferiority (similarity 0.83)
• Anti-Muslim oppression constitutes structural racism, not mere religious intolerance (similarity 0.82)

Broader Connections

• Anti-Muslim racism remains entrenched despite Muslim inclusion in imperial systems #expands (0.75)