Islamophobia operates as an empire advanced by cooperating governments with distinct anti-Muslim agendas

Evidence

To echo Kumar, Islamophobia is empire. Fueled by the War on Terror and its fundamental baseline, which ties Muslim identity to terrorism, a new kind of empire, advanced by a network of governments with distinct anti-Muslim crusades, has taken shape. — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 69

Categorization

Category: Definitional Content

• XREF: Direct dialogue with Kumar — the reader’s stated companion text.
• DEFINE: Defines the core analytic frame of the book: Islamophobia as a networked empire, not a scattered set of national biases.

Related

• A networked empire of distinct anti-Muslim crusades has replaced a single national campaign. (similarity 0.94)
• Islamophobia operates as an existential state affecting nearly 2 billion Muslims globally (similarity 0.88)
• Islamophobia worldwide shares the core link between Islam and terrorism (similarity 0.87)
• Islamophobia functions as a transnational tool advancing American imperial aims (similarity 0.86)
• Islamophobia spans the political spectrum and is embedded in empire’s infrastructure (similarity 0.86)
• Few books treat Islamophobia as a transnational, globally interconnected system (similarity 0.85)
• Terrorism is not uniquely Islamic but often stems from state negligence and empire. (similarity 0.84)
• Anti-Muslim sentiment is a pervasive mood and policy (similarity 0.84)
• Islamophobia descends directly from Orientalism’s civilizational divide between Islam and the West (similarity 0.84)
• The War on Terror functions as an imperial project spreading Islamophobia globally (similarity 0.84)
• Islamophobia became a globally networked condition spread across states (similarity 0.84)
• Anti-Muslim crusades are political and cultural wars, not religious ones (similarity 0.83)
• Scholarly definitions of Islamophobia cannot capture its lived, irrational experience (similarity 0.83)
• The reviewer calls ‘somewhat more provocative, and problematic’ the second half of Kumar’s argument that US Islamophobia is a joint project between conservatives and liberals. (similarity 0.83)
• Kumar characterizes anti-Muslim racism as an ‘ideology and practice rooted in the political economy of the empire’ (p. 7), distancing it from religious intolerance. (similarity 0.83)