Anti-Muslim racism is rooted in empire, not relieved by inclusion.

Evidence

“The central argument of this book is that anti-Muslim racism is best understood, in its myriad and ever-changing manifestations, as rooted in empire. Thus, Muslim inclusion within an imperial system that presides over war, genocide, and torture does little to dent racism.” Ibid., 8. — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 1243

Categorization

• XREF: This echoes the reader’s global-synthesis project and Kumar’s empire-centered thesis cited later in the same chapter — the two anchors of the reader’s reading alongside Iftikhar. — connects to: Diversity rhetoric leaves empire-directed structural anti-Muslim racism untouched — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 44; Anti-Muslim racism is structurally rooted in empire, not individual prejudice — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 78; US anti-Muslim racism emerged only with America’s imperial power in the Middle East (+10 more)
• DEEPTHINKING: The claim that inclusion within the imperial system does little to dent racism is a dense, counterintuitive reframing that resists one-line summary.