Modern anti-Muslim racism needs both colonial domination and liberal freedom.
Evidence
As various scholars have argued, it is only when societies came to accept individual freedom and equal rights that colonial conquest, slavery, and dispossession were explained in racial terms. Drawing on this work, I argue that two conditions were needed for the production of modern anti-Muslim racism: colonial domination and “free” liberal societies. — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 96
Categorization
Category: Contrarian or Surprising Claims
- XREF: A precise, falsifiable condition set for the MOC thread: would test whether non-liberal regimes (Soviet, Gulf) can generate the same racism.
Related
- Modern anti-Muslim racism required both colonial domination and liberal societies professing equality (similarity 0.90)
- Modern anti-Muslim racism required both rights-based societies and imperial domination (similarity 0.88)
- Enlightenment race theory about Muslims required colonial dominance and liberal societies (similarity 0.87)
- Full anti-Muslim racism required both Enlightenment freedom ideology and European military dominance (similarity 0.86)
- Full-blown anti-Muslim racism required free-society ideology plus military dominance (similarity 0.85)
- Anti-Muslim racism operates through contradictions and unstable imperial terrain, not a well-oiled machine. (similarity 0.83)
- Anti-Muslim ideology produced no oppressive systems before postwar MENA empire (similarity 0.83)
- Capitalist imperialism plus liberal societies produced Muslims as a full race (similarity 0.82)
- Anti-Muslim racialization is unstable, contested, and co-produced with anti-racism (similarity 0.82)
- Anti-Muslim racism emerged from Old World-New World contact (similarity 0.81)
- Modern racism against Muslims required European military supremacy over Muslim empires (similarity 0.81)
- Anti-Muslim racism is a persistent product of empire, not event-driven. (similarity 0.81)
- Kumar characterizes anti-Muslim racism as an ‘ideology and practice rooted in the political economy of the empire’ (p. 7), distancing it from religious intolerance. (similarity 0.81)
- Kumar contends that empire creates the conditions for anti-Muslim racism, which in turn sustains empire. (similarity 0.81)
- The racialization of Muslims was anchored in Enlightenment-era colonial ideologies (similarity 0.81)