The FBI surveilled black Muslims as seditious threats more than white Arab immigrants

Evidence

RACON’s final report, the Survey of Racial Conditions in the United States (1943), reveals the way in which the FBI attempted to discipline religious conduct in the United States. The report creates a profile of pro-Japanese African American organizations that warned of Islam’s links to pro-Japanese sentiment. It then attempted to catalog all of the various Muslim groups popular among black Americans as a way of measuring the security risk to the US nation-state. — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 393 (#exemplifies, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: The FBI surveilled and prosecuted black Muslims for challenging white supremacy; The FBI surveilled black Muslim religious life as a national security risk — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 393; The FBI surveilled black Islam partly out of fear of nonwhite global solidarity (+12 more)

Broader Connections

• The FBI surveilled black Muslim religious life as a national security risk #exemplifies (0.90) — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 393
• The FBI treated black Muslims advocating racial equality as a seditious internal threat. #corroborates (0.90)
• The FBI surveilled and prosecuted black Muslims for challenging white supremacy #corroborates (0.88)
• The FBI treated Black Muslims’ political Islam as a national security threat for decades. #corroborates (0.88) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 598
• The FBI surveilled black Islam partly out of fear of nonwhite global solidarity #expands (0.85)
• Black Muslims were FBI-targeted for Islamic practice voicing anti-imperial resistance. #corroborates (0.85)
• Renewed Muslim immigration shifted Islam’s racialization from Black radicals to Brown aliens #expands (0.85) — Cyra Akila Choudhury, Racecraft and Identity in the Emergence…, 246
• Fear of black Muslims uniting with colonized peoples drove FBI surveillance. #expands (0.82)
• Anti-black racism and Islamophobia fuse to intensify policing of black Muslims. #expands (0.80) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 453
• African American Muslims’ racialization under surveillance likely differs from immigrant Muslims’. #expands (0.80) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 670
• The FBI framed Islam as dangerous to justify anti-black state suppression #expands (0.78) — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 398
• The FBI constructed a good-bad Islam binary to police racial politics #expands (0.75)
• Surveillance racializes Muslims by casting them as threats rather than protected citizens. #expands (0.75) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 209
• The FBI reframed Black religious groups as cults to evade religious protections #expands (0.72)
• The FBI relabeled Black Muslim groups as cults to dodge religious protections. #corroborates (0.72) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 599