Biological racism and cultural differentialism are racism’s two registers, not separate systems

Evidence

Modood (1997), however, in my opinion goes too far in attempting to distinguish “cultural racism” from any connection with fixity or the biological and draws, too, a sharp opposition between “biological racism” and “cultural differentialism.” I think this misreading comes from not taking the discursive character of racism sufficiently into account. Modood is therefore misled into taking the biological referent in “biological racism” too literally. — Stuart Hall, Essential Essays, Volume 2, 395 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

It is sometimes argued that current forms of racism are more ‘cultural’ than previous forms of racism based more on skin colour. It is understandable why farright groups might want to assert such a defence, especially where public understandings of racism still focus on ‘colour’: they claim only to object to the culturally illiberal or otherwise undesirable practices of certain groups, but assert that they are not otherwise ‘racist’. Yet all forms of racism have contained a cultural element, symptomatically by attributing pathological, dangerous or aberrant behaviours to groups ranging from black to Chinese to Jewish people. Nonetheless, the focus on culture as a key component of current forms of racism is useful for understanding why racism and its effects persist even as essentialist biological claims about race have become unfashionable. — Runnymede Trust (ed. Farah Elahi & Omar Khan), Islamophobia, 108 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Nineteenth-century scientific racism supplied latent Orientalism’s biological grounding; Cultural and biological racisms cannot be sharply separated discursively — Stuart Hall, Essential Essays, Volume 2: Identity…, 395; Racism operates through biological and cultural registers that reinforce each other (+11 more)

Related

• Racism operates through biological and cultural registers that reinforce each other (similarity 0.95)
• Cultural and biological racisms cannot be sharply separated discursively (similarity 0.93)
• Biological racism and cultural differentialism combine rather than replace each other. (similarity 0.90)
• Cultural-racism defenses are fallacious since all racism includes cultural components (similarity 0.90)
• The biological referent is never fully absent from discourses of ethnicity (similarity 0.89)
• Cultural racism locks groups into immutable genealogies as biological racism did (similarity 0.88)
• Cultural racism locks groups into immutable genealogies just as biological race did. (similarity 0.86)
• Racism scholarship long confined itself to biological black-white and antisemitic models (similarity 0.84)
• Race and ethnicity are two concurrent registers of a single racism (similarity 0.84)
• Cultural racism substitutes cultural traits for biological ones in racializing groups. (similarity 0.83)
• The move from biological to cultural racism lets prejudice be renamed cultural critique (similarity 0.82)
• Twentieth-century racism shifted from biology to culture (similarity 0.82)
• Cultural racism substitutes cultural difference for biological difference as a racial logic (similarity 0.81)
• Anti-Muslim racism has shifted from bodies to culture while keeping an essentialist logic (similarity 0.81)
• Racism relocated from biology into culture after Darwinism lost legitimacy (similarity 0.81)

Broader Connections

• Cultural and biological racisms cannot be sharply separated discursively #corroborates (0.95) — Stuart Hall, Essential Essays, Volume 2, 395
• Racism operates through biological and cultural registers that reinforce each other #corroborates (0.90)
• Cultural racism substitutes cultural difference for biological difference as a racial logic #expands (0.85)
• Cultural-racism defenses are fallacious since all racism includes cultural components #corroborates (0.85) — Runnymede Trust (ed. Farah Elahi & Omar Khan), Islamophobia, 108
• Cultural racism substitutes cultural traits for biological ones in racializing groups. #expands (0.80)
• Racialization can proceed from cultural traits without any phenotypic difference #expands (0.75) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 88