Anti-Muslim racialization is unstable, contested, and co-produced with anti-racism

Evidence

To be sure, the racialization of Muslims was unstable and variable and took different forms at various moments in time. Even at a particular historical conjuncture, Orientalism was mediated in different ways in various spheres from politics to culture. This is because the “West” is not a monolith, there is therefore no singular production of those racialized by empire; anti-racism is also part of the mix. — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 193

Categorization

• XREF: Complicates any overly monolithic Aziz/Razack framing of Orientalism as a single imperial gaze — Kumar insists racialization is unstable, even internally contradicted by anti-racism. — connects to: The shared underlying logic of racialization persists across Jew and Muslim targets — Nasar Meer, Racialization and Religion: Race,…, 40; Anti-Muslim racism contains internal contradictions and countervailing tendencies that resist neat causal models; Anti-Muslim racism collapses diverse names, skin tones, dress, and nations into one imagined enemy. (+10 more)

Broader Connections

• Racialization is a changing process where context shapes anti-racism too #corroborates (0.82) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 751
• Racializing Muslims holds race as both fixed and fluid #expands (0.78) — Junaid Rana, Terrifying Muslims, 105
• Anti-racist movements often fail to see anti-Muslim bigotry as racism #complicates (0.75) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 760
• Combating anti-Muslim racism requires also fighting anti-Black and anti-Latinx racism #expands (0.72) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 1047