Anti-racist movements often fail to see anti-Muslim bigotry as racism

Evidence

However, one of the challenges that anti-racist movements have encountered, as Naber and Rana argue, is a failure to perceive anti-Muslim racism as racism rather than as religious discrimination. — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 760

Categorization

• DEFINE: Frames the central definitional debate of the book: whether anti-Muslim bigotry counts as racism (a race-based category) or religious discrimination.
• XREF: Connects to religion-as-race debates familiar from scholarship on antisemitism and caste-as-race arguments; also echoes the book’s earlier chapters on the racialization of Muslims. — connects to: Successful anti-racist movements trigger renewed, subtler forms of racial exclusion, not elimination — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race: Reflections on…, 1915; Anti-Muslim racialization is unstable, contested, and co-produced with anti-racism — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 193; Anti-Muslim racism operates even inside leftist and liberal anti-war movements (+5 more)

Broader Connections

• Anti-Muslim racism operates even inside leftist and liberal anti-war movements #exemplifies (0.95)
• Separating Islamophobia as ideology from racism undermines anti-racist struggle #expands (0.90) — Runnymede Trust (ed. Farah Elahi & Omar Khan), Islamophobia, 159
• Mainstream race-equality bodies resisted framing Islamophobia as a racial issue #corroborates (0.85) — A. Hussain, N. Meer, Framing Muslim Integration, 753
• Mainstream anti-Islamophobia defense framed bias as cultural misunderstanding, not racism #corroborates (0.85)
• Evidence of anti-Muslim incidents has not convinced many of Islamophobia as a distinct phenomenon #corroborates (0.80) — Chris Allen, Islamophobia, 660
• Anti-Muslim oppression constitutes structural racism, not mere religious intolerance #exemplifies (0.75) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 91